According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 5th ed. (2001). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Revised April, 2005
General Guidelines | Executive Agency Documents | Congressional Documents | Government Document Periodical Articles | Federal Legal References | Treaties | ERIC Documents | Nebraska State Documents | Electronic and Online Resources - General Guidance | Online Federal Documents | Online Nebraska State Documents
Detailed Contents
General Guidelines
Federal agency documents
Nebraska agency documents
Electronic/online resources: Federal documents
Electronic/online resources: Nebraska documents
Nebraska legal resources
This guide is based on:
American Psychological Association. (2001) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. *BF 76.7 .P83 2001 (Library Reference Collection, main floor)
The American Psychological Association recommends citation of sources within the text of a paper rather than in footnotes. The text citation briefly identifies the source and enables readers to locate it in the reference list at the end of the paper. (p. 207)
APA journals use the author-date method of citation. The surname of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the text in one of the following ways:
- Smith (2000) compared reaction times [author is part of narrative]
- In a recent study of reaction times (Smith, 2000) [use both author and date]
- In 2000, Smith compared [If both year and author are given in the text, no parenthetical information is needed.]
If a work has two authors, always cite both names every time a reference occurs in the text. If a work has more than two authors and fewer than six authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs and only the surname of the first author, followed by "et al." (not italicized and no period after "et") in subsequent citations.
If a work has more than six authors, use only the surname of the first author followed by "et al." and the year for the first and subsequent citations. (p. 208-209)
Join the names in a multiple-author citation in the text by the word "and". In parenthetical citations and in the reference list, use an ampersand [&] (p. 209):
- as James and Ryerson (1993) demonstrated
- as has been shown (James & Ryerson, 1993)
Names of corporate authors (corporations, associations, government agencies, study groups, etc.) are usually spelled out each time they appear in a text citation. If the name is familiar you may abbreviate it in second and subsequent citations. If the name is short or if the abbreviation would not be readily understandable, spell out the name each time it occurs. (p. 210)
1. First text citation:
- (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH]. (1999)
- Use brackets to indicate the abbreviation you intend to use in subsequent citations.
-
- Subsequent text citations:
- (NIMH, 1999)
-
- Entry in reference list:
- National Institute of Mental Health. (1999).
2. Example of the name of a corporate author that is spelled out:
- Reference list entry:
- University of Nebraska. (2000).
-
- ALL text citations:
- (University of Nebraska, 2000)
3. Congressional publications: Examples for in-text citations are given below: "Congressional Documents". Often cited by title.
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GENERAL GUIDELINES: Reference List
A reference list contains only titles which have been used to write a paper. Every item on a reference list must be cited in the text and every reference cited in the text must be in the reference list. (p. 215) In contrast, a bibliography lists sources for background or further information. The reference list provides information necessary to identify and retrieve each source.
Each source cited in the text and on the reference list must appear in identical form in both places.
»» Double-space the reference list.
BASIC REFERENCE LIST FORMAT
Author:
Can be a personal name or a corporate agency; personal names should be inverted (last name listed first) and initials used for the first and middle names. Spell out the full name of a corporate author. A period follows the author's name (personal or corporate).
Date of Publication:
Books: year of copyright, enclosed in parentheses
Periodical article: Year, month, day (if applicable; in parentheses) followed by a period.
Title:
Periodical article:
Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle (if any) and proper names including names of task forces, treaties, laws, congressional committees, etc. Do not underline or place quotation marks around the title. End with a period.
Book:
Capitalize as for periodical articles; italicize the title. Enclose additional information such as edition or volume number (3rd ed. or Vol. 2) in parentheses after the title. Do not use a period between the title and the parenthetical information. End with a period.
Other formats:
A description of the form of the work, if necessary for identification, follows in brackets: [CD], [Computer software], [Brochure], [Data file]. (p. 228)
Publication information:
Periodical:
Give the journal title in full, capitalizing all important words, and italicize it. Give the volume number in italics. Do not use "Vol." before the number. Give the issue number in parentheses after the volume number; omit if issues are paginated continuously from the beginning of the volume. If volume numbers are not used, give the month or season, i. e. (1998, April). Give the inclusive page numbers. Use commas between the journal name, volume number, and pages. End with a period.
Book:
Give the city and, if the city is not well known or could be confused with another location, the state. Use two letter abbreviations for states (i.e. Nebraska -- NE). Use a colon after the location. Give the name of the publisher after the colon. Finish with a period. If the publisher and author are the same, use the word "author" after the location. (See example, "Nebraska State Document - Corporate author) (p. 230)
Publisher : Note that APA does not use a space between "U." and "S.": U.S. Government Printing Office
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EXAMPLES OF GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
EXECUTIVE AGENCY DOCUMENTS
»»NOTE: Examples are single spaced in this guide; (remember to double-space everything on your reference list.) Use the "hanging indent" style of indenting second and subsequent lines. (Depending on how the coding for this page displays on your browser, the handing indent may or may not show properly.)
Document with a personal author - Force, R. (2004). Admiralty and maritime law. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Document with personal authors, multivolume work
- Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Backman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2003). Monitoring the Future: National survey results on drug use, 1975 - 2003. (Vols. 1-2). (NIH Publication No. 04-5507). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
- Federal Aviation Administration. (2004). Seaplane, skiplane, and float/ski equipped helicopter operations handbook (FAA-H-8083-23). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
»»NOTE: If the issuing agency has assigned a report, contract, or series number, give it in parentheses after the title. Do not use a period between title and parentheses. (p. 256)
Citing an entire multivolume work - National Bioethics Advisory Commission. (1997). Cloning human beings: Report and recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (Vols. 1-2). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
»»NOTE: If the above title had been published over more than one year, the years would appear as (1995-1997) after the agency. The text citation would be: (National Bioethics Advisory Commission, 1995-997). Name of commission capitalized because it is a proper name.
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Multivolume set, only one volume used
- National Bioethics Advisory Commission. (1997). Cloning human beings, Vol. II: Commissioned papers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
»»NOTE: If the volume you used does not have a distinctive subtitle, use "(Vol. 2)" after the title.
- Gough, L. P. & Wilson, F. H. (Eds.). (2001). Geological studies in Alaska by the U. S. Geological Survey, 1999. (U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1633). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Series with personal author - Hiatt, J. (2003). Guilford Courthouse National Military Park. (Cultural Landscape Report). Atlanta, GA: National Park Service.
Series with a corporate author
- Technical Working Group for Education and Training in Forensic Science. (2004). Education and training in forensic science: A guide for forensic science laboratories, educational institutions, and students. (NIJ Special Report NCJ 203099). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
Work other than first edition - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Eisenhower National Clearinghouse for Mathematics and Science Education. (2004). The guidebook of federal resources for K-12 mathematics and science. (6th ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
»»NOTE: Use the name of the department, office, subagency, or institute that was responsible for the document and, if this agency isn't well known, also give the name of the higher level department to which it belongs.
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»»NOTE: APA style for citing Congressional publications is based on The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. (17th ed., 2000). (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law Review Association).
For testimony and hearings, bills and resolutions, and reports and documents, give the title or number and date in the text citation. (p. 405)
Example 1:
- Islam in Asia: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the House Committee on International Relations, 108th Cong., 2nd Sess. (2004).
To cite one person's testimony:
- (as above) ...108th Cong., 2nd Sess., 8 (2004) (testimony of Meredith Weiss).
"8" is the page number where her testimony begins. Give name of witness.
In-text: (Islam in Asia, 2004)
Example 2:
- Development of a national animal identification plan: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Marketing, Inspection, and Product Promotion of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. Senate, 108th Cong., 2nd Sess. (2004).
- In-text: (Development of a National Animal Identification Plan, 2004)
House or Senate Reports and Documents
- H. R. Rep. No. 108-588, (2004).
In-text: (H. R. Rep. No. 108-588, 2004)
»»NOTE: Use S. Rep. for a Senate report, H. R. Doc. or S. Doc. for House or Senate document.
House or Senate committee print - Iraq: Meeting the challenge, sharing the burden, staying the course, a trip report to members of the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (S. Prt. 108-31). (2003).
In-text: (Iraq: Meeting the Challenge, 2003)
»»NOTE: Use H. R. Prt. for a House print. Senate and House prints are not addressed in the APA Manual. The above is based on the general guidelines for other materials.
»»NOTE: Bills that have become law (have passed) should be cited to the U. S. Statutes at Large (see below).
Use this same format for resolutions, concurrent resolutions, etc. Include Congress and session number. If a specific section is cited, put the section number in front of the year.
- Conservation and Reinvestment Act of 1999, S. 25, 106th Cong. (1999).
To cite a specific section (" § " means 'section'):
- Endangered Species Criminal and Civil Penalties Liability Reform Act, H. R. 496, 106th Cong. § 4 (1999).
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GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT PERIODICAL ARTICLES
»»NOTE: The APA Manual does not give specific rules for citing government document periodical articles. These examples follow the general periodical guidelines.
Capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle. Do not italicize or put the title of the article in quotation marks.
Give the volume number; do not use "Vol." before it.
If each issue begins with page one, give the issue number in parentheses, after the volume number. Don't use the issue number if pages start at the beginning of the volume and continue into the next issue (pagination by volume).
Use italics for the periodical title and volume number. Do not italicize the issue number. (p. 240)
Article with one author, pagination by issue
- Mattioli, G. (2004). On native language intrusions and making do with words: Linguistically homogenous classrooms and native language use. English Teaching Forum, 42 (4), 20-25.
»»EXPLANATION: Volume 42, issue number four, pages 20 - 25; include the issue number.
Article with several authors, pagination by volume
- Li, M. H., Manning, B. B., & Robinson, E. H. (2004). Effects of dietary protein concentration on production characteristics of pond-raised channel catfish fed once daily or once every other day to satiation. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 66, 184-190.
»»EXPLANATION: Volume 66; do not include the issue number for journals with page numbers that start at the beginning of the volume and continue from issue to issue.
Article with no author
- Regulatory initiatives for dietary supplements. (2005). FDA Consumer, 39 (1), 27.
»»NOTE: In-text citation - use the article title and date.
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LEGAL REFERENCES
The APA Manual follows the form of legal citation found in The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (17th ed.) (2000). (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law Review Association).
Text citations are formed from the first few words of the reference list entry and the date. Give enough information for the reader to locate the reference list entry easily. (p. 399)
Some of these examples follow general guidelines for citing legal materials since the Manual provides no guidance for legal materials beyond court cases and statutes.
Do not italicize the abbreviation for the legal set ("U. S." or "U. S. C.", etc.). Use capital first letters for the names of laws, court cases, and regulations.
Court case: U. S. Supreme Court
- In-text: (Cupp v. Murphy, 1972)
»»NOTE: Name of the case, italicized; year of decision.
- Reference list: Cupp v. Murphy, 412 U. S. 291 (1972).
»»EXPLANATION: Volume 412, U. S. Supreme Court Reports, page 291, year decided.
U. S. Code and U. S. Statutes at Large
- In-text: National Environmental Policy Act (1969)
»»NOTE: Give the popular or official name of the act and the year.
- Reference list:
- National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 U.S.C. §4332 (2000).
»»EXPLANATION: Title 42, U.S. Code, section 4332, 2000 edition.
If the law is currently in force, cite it to the U. S. Code, rather than the historical session law compilation, U. S. Statutes at Large.
If the latter must be cited, use:
- In-text: National Invasive Species Act of 1996.
-
- Reference list:
- National Invasive Species Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-332, 110 Stat. 4073 (1996).
»»EXPLANATION: This was the 332nd law passed by the 104th Congress. It is located in volume 110 of the U. S. Statutes at Large beginning on page 4073 and passed in 1996.
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U. S. Constitution
In-text: (U. S. Constitution.)
Reference list: U. S. Constitution, Art. I, § 9, cl. 2.
»»EXPLANATION: Article I, section 9, clause 2. Not addressed in APA Manual; example based on general guidelines.
Federal Register
In-text: (Pistachios Grown in California, 2005)
Reference list:
Pistachios Grown in California: Establishment of Continuing Assessment Rate and Reporting Requirements, 70 Fed. Reg. 9843 (2005) (to be codified at 7 C.F.R. § 983 )
»»EXPLANATION: Volume 70 of the Federal Register, page 9843. Pagination in Federal Register starts at the beginning of the year and is continuous through the daily issues of the year. (There may be over 60,000 pages in one year's issues.) Therefore, only a volume and page number are needed.
Final regulation, published in Federal Register; will be codified in Code of Federal Regulationsat Title 7, "section" (see note in next example) 983.
Code of Federal Regulations
In-text: (Protection of Human Subjects, 2004)
Reference list: Protection of Human Subjects, 34 C.F.R. § 97 (2004).
»»EXPLANATION: Regulation is in Title 34, part 97. (APA Manual erroneously calls the first number a "volume" instead of "title" number, and the second number a "section", using the symbol for a section. The second number is a "part" number. Follow their format.)
Executive order
In-text: (Executive Order No. 12,804, 1992)
Reference list: Exec. Order No. 12,804, 3 C.F.R. 298 (1992 comp.)
»»EXPLANATION: Title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations is published annually and contains the previous year's Presidential executive orders and other directives. APA does not explain whether the year the executive order is issued or the year the compilation is printed should be used. To save confusion, use "comp." after the year to indicate it is the compilation year rather than the year the President issued the executive order.
APA also says to provide a parallel citation (if applicable) to the executive order's location in the U. S. Code.
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TREATIES
»»NOTE: Current United States treaties are issued individually by the Dept. of State in slip form as the "Treaties and Other International Acts Series" (TIAS).
Since 1950 the State Department has later republished each treaty in the annual United States Treaties and Other International Agreements set. Texts of treaties signed before 1950 can best be cited to a multivolume work compiled by Charles Bevans from 1968 to 1974 for the Dept. of State. (see below - "Treaty in compilation, pre-1950")
The APA Manual does not address treaty citations; the following are based on the general guidelines for legal materials.
Individual treaty
- In-text: (Agricultural Commodities Agreement, 1977)
- Reference list:
Agricultural Commodities Agreement, United States-Philippines, May 12, 1977, Treaties and Other International Acts Series 8684.
»»NOTE: Slip form of treaty; use TIAS number.
Treaty in compilation, pre-1950
- In-text: (Establishment of Tariff Duties, 1866)
»»NOTE: The in-text citation is formed with the first few words of the title and the date.
- Reference list:
- Establishment of Tariff Duties with Respect to Japan, United States-Japan, June 25, 1866, T.S. 188, In C. Bevans, Ed.). (1968). Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949, Vol. 1 (pp. 18-28). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
»»NOTE: "T.S." means Treaty Series.
Treaty in annual volume, post-1950
- In-text: (Fisheries Off the United States, 1977)
Reference list:
- Fisheries Off the United States Coast Agreement, United States-Cuba, April 27, 1977. (TIAS 8689). United States Treaties and Other International Agreements Vol. 28(pp. 6770-6814).
ERIC DOCUMENTS
Gottfredson, L. S. (1980). How valid are occupational reinforcer pattern scores? (Report No. CSOS--R-92). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University, Center for Social Organization of Schools. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED182465)
»» NOTE: Although not directly stated in the Manual, if the document is not available from the ERIC Reproduction Service, it should be acceptable to just use: (ERIC Document No. ED182465)
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NEBRASKA STATE DOCUMENTS
The APA Manual does not provide guidance for citing state documents. The following examples are based on the general instructions and follow the format used for federal documents. See electronic resources section also.
State agency document: Corporate author - Nebraska Department of Roads. (2003). Traffic crash facts, 2002, State of Nebraska. Lincoln, NE: Author.
»»NOTE: When the author and publisher are identical, use the word "Author" as the name of the publisher.
State agency document: Personal author
- Diffendal, R. F., Mohlman, D. R., Corner, R. G., Harvey, F. E., Warren, K. J., Summerside, S., et al. (2002). Field guide to the geology of the Harlan County lake area, Harlan County, Nebraska, with a history of events leading to construction of Harlan County Dam. (Educational Circular No. 16). Lincoln: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Conservation and Survey Division.
In-text: (Diffendal et al., 2002)
»»NOTE: If the name of the state is included in the name of the university, don't give the state name ("NE") in the publisher information. (p. 258)
NEBRASKA DOCUMENT PERIODICAL ARTICLE
Article with corporate author
- Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. (1999). The blizzard of '49. Nebraskaland, 77 (1), 36-45.
»»NOTE: Page numbers start over for each issue; include issue number in parentheses, after volume number.
Article with a personal author
- Fagan, M. (1998). "Give till it hurts": Financing Memorial Stadium. Nebraska History, 79, 179-191.
»»NOTE: Page numbers continue through the volume; do not include issue number. Quotation marks were in the title of the article.
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NEBRASKA LEGAL REFERENCES
»»NOTE: A format similar to federal documents is used.
Laws of Nebraska
(Nebraska session laws)
- In-text: Nebraska Investment Finance Authority Act (1983)
-
- Reference list:
- Nebraska Investment Finance Authority Act, Laws of Nebraska, 1983, LB 626 § 1. (1983).
»»EXPLANATION: Legislative bill 626, section 1. If the law is currently in force, cite it to the Nebraska Statutes rather than to the Laws of Nebraska.
Nebraska Statutes: Reissue of the Revised Statutes of Nebraska, 1943
(Codification of current Nebraska laws)
- In-text: Nebraska Investment Finance Authority Act (1983)
-
- Reference list:
- Nebraska Investment Finance Authority Act, Revised Statutes of Nebraska, 1943, §§ 58-201-272 (1998).
»»EXPLANATION: Reissue of the Revised Statutes of Nebraska of 1943, Chapter 58, Sections 201-272, reissue of 1998. (Reissue date is at top of spine of each bound volume; include in citation.)
Nebraska Supreme Court and Court of Appeals Nebraska Supreme Court
- In-text: Anderson v. Carlson (1961)
- or
- (Anderson v. Carlson 1961)
-
- Reference list: Anderson v. Carlson, 171 Neb. 741, 107 N.W.2d 535
»»EXPLANATION: Volume 171, Nebraska Supreme Court Reports, page 741; case decided in 1961. Usually the first page of the case is used in the citation.
No italics are necessary when citing a court case on a reference list. Use italics in the text citation, however.
Include a parallel citation to the regional reporter your case is in. Nebraska cases are reprinted in the North Western Reporter, (N.W.). The "2d" means "second series".
Nebraska Court of Appeals
The abbreviation for the Nebraska Court of Appeals is "Neb. Ct. App."
Example: Cochran v. Bill's Trucking, 10 Neb. Ct. App. 48, 624 N.W.2d 338
Court of Appeals cases are also reported in the North Western Reporter.
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ELECTRONIC AND ONLINE RESOURCES
While the APA Manual recognizes information from the Web can be in a variety of formats and difficult to cite, it states the two most important guidelines are:
- 1. Direct readers to specific documents rather than home or menu pages if possible.
- 2. Provide addresses that work (p. 269)
A reference should provide the document title or description, a date (of publication or access), and a URL. If the URL is so long as to continue onto a second line, break it after a slash or before a period.
APA guidelines for citing electronic resources may be found at http://www.apastyle.org/elecmedia.html
DOCUMENTS FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES
General format: An individual work
- Author/editor. (Year). Title (edition). Producer (optional). Retrieved from (URL)
If a date of publication is given, it is not necessary to include the date retrieved. If no date is given, use "n.d." for "no date". (Most of the examples in the Manual have both publication and retrieval dates.)
General format: In-text citation
Use the author(s) last name(s), date of publication, and the page number. If there are no page numbers, use the paragraph number: (Jones, 2004, para. 3). If paragraph numbers are not available, use the heading the information is under, count the paragraphs to the information cited, and use this number as the paragraph number.
If there is no author indicated, use the first few words of the page's title. If the page is untitled, list the first part of the page's location so the reader may refer to the reference list for the full URL of the site: (U.S. Geological Survey, n.d.)
To cite an entire work: - Library of Congress. (1989). Bolivia: A country study. Retrieved March 24, 2005, from http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/botoc/html
To cite part (chapter, section, etc.) of an individual work:
- Library of Congress. (1989). Bolivia: social organization. In Bolivia: A country study (chap. 2). Retrieved March 24, 2005, from http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/botoc.html
»»NOTE: Use a chapter or section identifier (if available) in place of page numbers. Break the URL, if needed, after a slash or before a period.
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Periodical article from government web site: Dalla, R. L., Cramer, S., & Stanek, K. (2002, spring). Economic strain and community concerns in three meatpacking communities (Nebraska). Rural America, 17 (1), 20-25. Retrieved March 24, 2005, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ruralamerica/ra171/ra171/c.pdf
- Oscar-Berman, M. & Marinkovic, K. Alcoholism and the brain: An overview. Alcohol Research and Health (27), 125 - 133. Retrieved March 24, 2005, from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Web site: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh27-2/toc27-2.htm
»»NOTE: APA says to identify the host organization and relevant department if the source is a large, complex web site. Precede the URL with a colon.
- Break the URL, if needed, after a slash or before a period.
Government report found through GPO Access: - U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2003, July). No Child Left Behind Act: More information would help states determine which teachers are highly qualified. (Publication No. GAO-03-631). Retrieved April 6, 2005, from GAO Reports: Main Page via GPO Access: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/gaoreports/index.html
Online document found through MarciveWeb DOCS Index: - Prospects for American workers: Immigration's impact, hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims of the House Committee on the Judiciary, 108th Cong. (2003). Retrieved April 6, 2005, from MarciveWeb DOCS database.
- U. S. Bureau of the Census. (n.d.). 1990 census of population and housing, summary tape file 3A [CD]. Washington, DC: Bureau of the Census.
»»NOTE: Date of access not necessary because, unlike sources on the Internet, the contents of a CD-ROM/DVD will not change unless a newer version is issued.
- APA's only example citation is for music on a compact disc.
Statistical table on a CD-ROM - U. S. Bureau of the Census. (n. d.). Means of transportation to work, Kearney city,
Nebraska. In 1990 Census of population and housing summary tape file 3A [CD]. Washington,
D. C: Bureau of the Census.
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CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGAL MATERIALS
Lexis/Nexis Academic
and
Lexis/Nexis Congressional
The APA Manual suggests following The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation for Legal Citations. The following examples are based on the general guidelines, adapted for online sources.
Congressional bill - Lexis/Nexis Congressional - Violence Against Women Act of 1999, H.R. 357, 106th Cong. (1999). Retrieved April 28, 1999, from Lexis/Nexis Congressional database.
House or Senate report or document - Lexis/Nexis Congressional - S. Rep. No. 105-273. 105th Cong. (1998). Retrieved April 28, 1999, from Lexis/Nexis Congressional database.
»»NOTE: Use. "S. Rep." for a Senate report, "H.R. Doc." or "S. Doc." for House or Senate documents. APA incorrectly says to use the "year" of the Congress and the calendar year but uses the number of the Congress (i.e. 108th Congress) in its examples. (p. 408)
Congressional Record - Lexis/Nexis Congressional - Kerrey, Sen. [NE]. (1998, July 23). Amendment no. 3275, prohibit Environmental Protection Agency enforcement of public drinking water treatment requirements for copper. In Congressional Record 144, S8830. Retrieved March 24, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Congressional.
»»EXPLANATION: 144 is the volume number, S8830 is the page number - Senate portion of Record.
U. S. Statutes at Large - Lexis/Nexis Congressional - Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Amendments of 1998, Pub. L. No. 105-332. 112 Stat. 3076 (1998). Retrieved March 24, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Congressional.
»»EXPLANATION: Public law 105-332, in volume 112; 3076 is the first page of the law.
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U. S. Code - Lexis/Nexis Congressional - Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act. (1998). 20 U.S.C. §2301 et seq. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from Lexis/Nexis Congressional.
»»EXPLANATION: 20 is the title number, 2301 is the first section of the law. "et seq." means the act includes other sections that follow the initial section.
U. S. Constitution - GPO Access or Lexis/Nexis Academic - The Constitution of the United States of America, analysis and interpretation. (S. Doc. 106-8). (1998 Suppl.) Retrieved March 24, 2005, from http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/-senate/constitution/index.html
-
- Amendment 1, religious and political freedom, Constitution of the United States of America. U.S.C.S. Const.Amend. 1 (2005). Retrieved March 24, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic.
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents
or
Public Papers of the President
via GPO Access - Bush, G. W. Address before a joint session of the Congress on the state of the union, January 20, 2004. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 94-104. Retrieved March 24, 2005, from Executive Branch Resources via GPO Access: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2004_presidential_documents&docid= pd26j04_txt_10
»»EXPLANATION: "94-104" are the page numbers.
U. S. Supreme Court Case - Lexis/Nexis Academic - Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. 438 U.S. 265 (1978). Retrieved March 24, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic.
»»EXPLANATION: 438 is the volume number, 265 is the first page of the decision. Date is when the case was decided.
Code of Federal Regulations - Lexis/Nexis Academic - Minerals management. 36 C.F.R. § 9 (2004). Retrieved March 24, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic.
»»EXPLANATION: "Volume" 36, "section" 9. APA erroneously calls the first number a "volume" number and second number a "section". It is "Title 36" and "part 9". Follow APA's example.
Federal Register - Lexis/Nexis Congressional - Maryland three airports: Enhanced security procedures for operations at certain airports in the Washington, DC metropolitan area flight restricted area. 70 Fed. Reg. 7,150 (February 10, 2005) (to be codified at 49 C.F.R. §1562). Retrieved March 24, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Congressional.
»»EXPLANATION: Volume 70, page 7,150. Title 49, part 1562; see explanation in CFR example above.
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ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS FROM NEBRASKA STATE AGENCIES
Nebraska agency publication - personal author(s)
- Link, M., & Inman, D. Ground water monitoring at livestock waste control facilities in Nebraska, December, 2003. (2004). Nebraska Dept. of Environmental Quality. Retrieved March 28, 2005, from http://www.deq.state.ne.us/Publica.nsf/Pages/WAT062
Nebraska agency publication - agency as author - Nebraska Health and Human Services System. (2004). Nebraska adolescents: The results of 2003 youth risk behavior survey of Nebraska public high school students (grades 9 - 12). Retrieved March 28, 2005, from http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/srd/2003_YRBS.pdf
Periodical article from a Nebraska agency - Sutherland, J. (2004, December). Job vacancy survey update. Economic Trends: A Monthly Review of Labor Market Information, 1, 4-6. Nebraska Dept. of Labor. Retrieved March 28, 2005, from http://www.dol.state.ne.us/nwd/center.cfm?PRICAT=4&SUBCAT=4C&APP=4C10&action=trends
»»NOTE: If there is a personal author, include the name of the state agency to indicate the source.
Statistical table - Nebraska State Data Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha. (n.d.) Nebraska counties ranked by selected social and economic characteristics: 2000 census. Retrieved March 25, 2005, from http://www.unomaha.edu/~cpar/sf3table_2.pdf
Publications from the Unicameral
Legislative bill - Nebraska Unicameral. (99th Legislature, 1st sess., 2005). Employment Security Law, LB 739. Retrieved March 28, 2005, from http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/pdf/INTRO_LB739.pdf
Nebraska Blue Book
- Elections: Nebraska Presidential election statistics, 1868 - 2000. (2003). In Anderson, A. D. (Ed.) Nebraska Blue Book, (pp. 981 - 1030). Retrieved March 28,
2005, from http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/bluebook/polit/elections.pdf
Unicameral Update
- Nebraska Unicameral. (2005, February 14 - 17). Committee kills bill allowing home schoolers to join public school activities. Unicameral Update: The Nebraska Legislature's Weekly Publication, 28 (7), 4. Retrieved April 8, 2005 from http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/update/pdf_archives/2005/issue7.pdf
»»NOTE: Above example is from pdf version of the Unicameral Update. Article is in the issue published for the week of Feb. 14 - 17, volume 28, issue 7, on page 4.
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Decision of the Nebraska Supreme Court
or
Nebraska Court of Appeals
- Nancy D. Vice v. Darm Corporation. 224 Neb. 1 (1986) (395 N.W.2d 524). Retrieved March 28, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic.
»»EXPLANATION: Volume 224, case begins on page 1". Include the parallel citation to the regional reporter (North Western Reporter) location of the same case.
Abbreviation for the Nebraska Court of Appeals is "Neb. Ct. App.": 10 Neb. Ct. App. 69 (include citation to N.W.2d also).
- Disposition of Personal Property, Landlord and Tenant Act. R.R.S. Nebr. §69-2301 (2004). Retrieved April 8, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic.
»»EXPLANATION: Reissue of the Revised Statues of Nebraska, chapter 69, section 2301, published in 2004.
Nebraska Administrative Code - Rules and regulations concerning the administration of the Affordable Housing Act. 86 Nebraska Administrative Code 5 (pp. 6 - 19) (1997). Retrieved April 8, 2005, from
http://www.sos.state.ne.us/business/regsearch/Rules/Economic_Development_Dept_of/Title-86/Chapter-4and5.pdf
»»EXPLANATION: Title 86, chapter 5. Chapter 5 is on pages 6 - 19 at this link. Nebraska Administrative Code is also abbreviated "NAC".
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Diana J. Keith, Associate Professor
Government Documents Librarian
Calvin T. Ryan Library
University of Nebraska at Kearney
Kearney, NE 68849-2240
Revised April, 2005
Reviewed October 27, 2009