Citing Government
Documents:
Chicago Manual
A Guide Based on:
The Chicago Manual of
Style
15th ed. Chicago and London: University of
Chicago Press, 2003. (*Z253 .C57 2003, Main floor reference collection)
Table of Contents
- General Guidelines - Footnote/Bibliography
Style | General Guidelines - In-text/Reference List
Style
Federal Executive Department Documents
- Agency as author | Agency as author, multivolume set | Personal author | Editor/compiler | Document in a series - Agency as author | Document in a series - personal author | Edition other than
first
Congressional Documents
- House/Senate Journals | Congressional Record | Annals of Congress/Register of
Debates/Congressional Globe
| American State Papers and House/Senate Reports and Documents (Serial Set) to 1981 | House/Senate Reports and Documents, 1982 - | Committee hearings | Committee prints | House/Senate bills and resolutions
Legal References
- U. S. Statutes at
Large | U. S. Code | U.
S. Supreme Court Reports
| U. S. Constitution | Code
of Federal Regulations | Federal Register | Treaties
Periodical Articles
- Periodical article with personal author | Periodical article with agency author | Periodical
numbered by issue
Nebraska State Agency Documents
- State agency document - agency author | State agency document - personal author
- Nebraska Document Periodical Articles Article
with personal author | Article with issuing agency as author
- Nebraska Legal ReferencesNebraska Statutes | Laws of Nebraska | Nebraska Supreme Court and Court of Appeals | Nebraska Constitution
Electronic Formats
- Federal
Government Government
report, GPO Access | Online document, Marcive: Committee hearing | Periodical article - agency site | CD/DVD | Statistical table on
CD | Online database
- Congressional
and Legal MaterialsCongressional bill - L/N Congressional | House/Senate report - L/N Congressional | Congressional Record - L/N Congressional
- Online
Legal ReferencesU. S. Statutes at Large - L/N Congressional | U.
S. Code - L/N Congressional
| U. S. Constitution - GPO Access | Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents -
GPO Access | U. S. Supreme Court Reports - L/N Academic | Code of Federal Regulations - L/N Academic | Federal Register - L/N Congressional
- Nebraska State Agency Documents
Agency publication - personal author | Agency publication - agency author | Periodical article - Nebraska agency | Statistical table
- Unicameral Publications Nebraska Blue Book | Unicameral Update | Legislative bill | Nebraska Statutes | Nebraska Supreme Court and Court of Appeals | Nebraska
Administrative Code
The Chicago Manual
of Style. 15th ed. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
(Numbers in parentheses refer to sections in the Manual.)
The Chicago Manual
of Style offers two methods of documentation. The footnote and bibliography
style is favored by writers in literature, history, and the arts. The
author-date system is used by physical, natural, and social science writers.
The
footnote-bibliography style uses footnotes keyed to a bibliography placed
at the end of the paper that contains full documentation for the source. The Chicago
Manual recommends this style as “user-friendly and economical”. (16.3)
The author/date
(in-text)-reference list system of citation uses the corporate or personal
author(s') name(s) and date of publication in the text of the paper, in
parentheses. The in-text citations are keyed to a reference list placed at the
end of a paper. Full documentation for each source is given in the reference
list.
The major differences
between a bibliography and reference list are the location of the date and
capitalization of titles.
Government documents
often do not have personal authors. Government agencies, considered corporate
authors, present problems in citations because of the length of their names.
Although the examples that follow attempt to illustrate basic formats,
exceptions will occur because of the variety of types of government documents.
If no example fits
exactly, follow the basic form as closely as possible and be consistent
throughout.
General Guidelines: Footnote – Bibliography
Style
Footnotes:
Footnotes may be
shortened if the bibliography lists all works cited. (16.3) Use the most
important elements: author, title, publication information, and page(s) being
cited.
Example: (indent
first line only)
1. U.S. Department of the Interior, An
Oilspill Risk Analysis for the Central Gulf and Western Gulf of Mexico
(Denver, Colo.: U.S. Geological Survey, 1983), 10.
Bibliography:
Government document
entries on a bibliography should include the following basic elements.
Do not include the number of pages in the
document.
Do not put a space between “U.” and “S.”.
Don’t use periods after “D” and “C” in
"Washington, DC". (17.295)
First words and all other important words of the
title are capitalized.
Elements to include:
Country, state, city, county, or other government division issuing the document
Legislative body,
executive department, court, bureau, board, commission or committee
Subsidiary division,
regional office, etc.
Title of the document
Individual author,
editor, or compiler, if any
Report number or
other identifying number, if any
Publisher, if
different from the issuing body
Date
Example: (indent second and subsequent
lines)
U.S. Department of the Interior. Minerals
Management Service. An Oilspill Risk Analysis for the Central Gulf and
Western Gulf of Mexico, by Robert P. La Belle. Open-file report 83-119,
U.S. Geological Survey. Denver, 1983.
Return
to Table of Contents
General Guidelines:
Author/Date – In-Text/Reference List Style
In-text Citations:
Sources are cited by
using the agency name (author name), publication date, and page number.
No punctuation is
used between the agency name and date. Use the name of the agency exactly as it
will appear on your reference list.
Use "U.S. Department of
Justice...", not "Law Enforcement Assistance Administration...",
since the reference list entry will be "U.S. Department of
Justice...". Do not put a space between “U.” and “S.”.
Example: (U.S. Department of Justice 1970, 42)
Reference List:
Government document
entries on a reference list should include the following basic elements.
Do not include the
number of pages the document contains.
First words, proper
names and the first word of a subtitle are the only words capitalized in
the title. Exceptions are names of laws ("acts") and names of
official groups such as boards, task forces, study groups, etc. Each important
word of these exceptions is capitalized.
In-text citation and the
reference list entry should begin with the same element.
Don’t use periods after “D” and
“C” in "Washington, DC".
Elements to include:
Country (state, city, county, or other government division) issuing the
document
Legislative body,
executive department, court, bureau, board, commission or committee
Subsidiary division,
regional office, etc.
Date
Title of the document
Individual author,
editor, or compiler, if any
Report number, if any
Publisher, if
different from the issuing body
Example: (indent
second and subsequent lines)
U.S. Department of Justice. Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration. 1970. Criminal justice agencies in Pennsylvania.
Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
FEDERAL EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT DOCUMENTS
Executive department
documents are published by such agencies as the U. S. Dept. of Health and Human
Services, Dept. of Agriculture, General Accountability Office, National Aeronautic
and Space Administration, and others which begin with "Department
of...", or have "Board", "Commission",
"Committee", or "Bureau", in their name. Documents from
Congressional committees are cited differently (see below).
If the publication is
part of a named series (“Handbook 14”, “Report 109-185”, “Circular 2004-15”,
“Bulletin 95-04”, “Monograph 325”, etc.), include the name of the series and
the publication’s number within the series. See second example under “Personal author”, below. The Manual states that facts
of publication may be omitted from a bibliography when a series number for a
departmental publication is given. (17.318)
Agency as author
F. note:
1. U.S. Treasury Department, Digest of
Supreme Court Decisions Interpreting the National Prohibition Act and Willis
Campbell Act (Washington, DC, 1929), 5.
Bib.:
U.S. Treasury Department. Bureau of
Prohibition. Digest of Supreme Court Decisions Interpreting the National
Prohibition Act and Willis Campbell Act. Washington, DC: Government
Printing Office, 1929.
In-text: (U.S. Treasury Department 1929, 14-28)
Return
to Table of Contents
Ref. list:
U.S. Treasury Department. Bureau of
Prohibition. 1929. Digest of Supreme Court decisions interpreting the
National Prohibition Act and Willis Campbell Act. Washington, DC:
Government Printing Office.
»»NOTE: Names of laws ("acts") are always
capitalized.
OR
U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the
Census. 1975. Median gross rent by counties of the United States, 1970.
Prepared by the Geography Division in cooperation with the Housing Division,
Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Agency as author, multi-volume set
F. note:
2. President’s Commission on the Accident at
Three Mile Island, Report of the Technical Assessment Task Force
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office,1979), 21-22.
Bib.:
President's Commission on the Accident at
Three Mile Island. Report of the Technical Assessment Task Force. Vol.
3. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1979.
In-text: (President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island
1979, 21)
Ref. list:
President's Commission on the Accident at
Three Mile Island. 1979. Report of the Technical Assessment Task Force.
Vol. 3. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
»»NOTE: If the individual volumes are published in
different years and the whole set needs to be cited, the reference must
indicate years of publication: 1977-79. Write years in this manner, not
"1977-1979". Instead of "Vol. 3", use: 3 vols.
Personal author (either method acceptable)
F. note:
3. Ralph I. Straus, Expanding Private
Investment for Free World Economic Growth (Washington, DC: Government
Printing Office, 1959), 12.
Bib.:
Straus, Ralph I. Expanding Private
Investment for Free World Economic Growth. A special report prepared at the
request of the Department of State. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office,
1959.
In-text: (Straus 1959, 12)
Ref. list:
Straus, Ralph I. 1959. Expanding private
investment for free world economic growth. A special report prepared at the
request of the Department of State. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
OR
F. note:
4. U.S. Department of the Interior, An
Oilspill Risk Analysis for the Central Gulf (April1984) and Western Gulf of
Mexico (July 1984) (Denver: U.S. Geological Survey, 1983), 236.
Bib.:
U.S. Department of the Interior. Minerals
Management Service. An Oilspill Risk Analysis for the Central Gulf (April
1984) and Western Gulf of Mexico (July 1984), by Robert P. LaBelle.
Open-file Report 83-119. Denver: U.S. Geological Survey, 1983. Lease offerings
microform.
In-text: (U.S. Department of the Interior 1983, 236)
Ref. list:
U.S. Department of the Interior. Minerals
Management Service. 1983. An oilspill risk analysis for the central Gulf
(April 1984) and western Gulf of Mexico (July 1984), by Robert P. LaBelle.
Open-file Report 83-119. Denver: U.S. Geological Survey. Lease offerings
microform.
Editor/compiler
Use the format for personal author (above), except
after the person's name, use the abbreviation "ed." for editor or
"comp." for compiler: "Straus, Ralph I., ed." or
"Donald C. Klein, comp.".
Document in a series - agency as author (see
example above also)
»»NOTE: The Manual states that facts of
publication may be omitted when a series number for a departmental publication
is given. (17.318)
F. note:
5. U.S. Department of State, Postwar Policy
Preparation, 1939 - 1945 (Washington, DC, 1957), 10.
Return
to Table of Contents
Bib.:
U.S. Department of State. Postwar Policy
Preparation, 1939-1945. General Policy Series, No. 15. Washington, DC:
Government Printing Office, 1957.
In-text: (U.S. Department of State 1957, 10)
Ref. list:
U.S. Department of State. 1957. Postwar
policy preparation, 1939-1945. General Policy Series, No. 15. Washington,
DC: Government Printing Office.
OR
National Institute of Mental Health. 1971.
Center for Studies of Crime and Delinquency. Community-based correctional
program. Public Health Service Publication No. 2130. Washington, DC:
Government Printing Office.
Document in a series - personal author
F. note:
6. U.S. Small Business Administration, A
Handbook of Small Business Finance (Washington, DC, 1975), 3.
Bib.:
U.S. Small Business Administration. A
Handbook of Small Business Finance, by Jack Zwick. Small Business
Management Series, No. 15. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office,1975.
In-text: (U.S. Small Business Administration 1975, 3)
Ref. list:
U.S. Small Business Administration. 1975. A
handbook of small business finance, by Jack Zwick. Small Business
Management Series, No. 15. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Edition other than the first edition
F. note:
7. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Resource
Allocation Plan Model for Special Emphasis Program Managers (Washington,
DC, 1983), 20.
Bib.:
U.S. Office of Personnel Management. Resource
Allocation Plan Model for Special Emphasis Program Managers. 2d ed. Special
report OAEP-10. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office,1983.
In-text: (U.S. Office of Personnel Management 1983, 20)
Ref. list:
U.S. Office of Personnel Management. 1983. Resource
allocation plan model for special emphasis program managers. 2d ed. Special
report OAEP-10. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
CONGRESSIONAL DOCUMENTS
Bibliographical
references to Congressional publications usually include: name of house,
committee and subcommittee if any, title of document, number of Congress and
session number, date of publication and number and description of the document
(H. Doc. 487), if available. (17.298)
Facts of publication
(publisher and city) are often omitted for Congressional documents. (17.295)
In footnotes,
"U.S." is usually omitted since alphabetical order does not apply.
(17.298)
Use the following abbreviations (17.298 - 17.309):
House = House of Representatives
HR or HR Res. = numbered bills from the House (HR 7107)
H. = specific reports/documents from the House (H. Rep.1638; H. Doc. 1283)
S or S Res. = numbered bills (Senate bill: S 1278)
S. = reports and documents from the Senate (S. Rep. 917; S. Doc. 148)
87th Cong. 2d sess. = 87th Congress, Second Session (or "1st" for
First Session) (No period after "2d" or "1st"; do not use
"2nd".)
House and Senate Journals
F. note:
8. Senate Journal, 16th Cong., 1st
sess., December 7, 1819, 9 - 19.
Return
to Table of Contents
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. Senate
Journal. 16th Cong., 1st sess., December 7, 1819.
In-text: (Senate Journal 1819, 9-19) OR (House Journal
1920, 44-49)
Ref. list:
U.S. Congress. Senate
journal. 1819. 16th Cong., 1st sess., 7 December.
Congressional Record
The Manual
recommends citing to the permanent (bound) volumes rather than the daily issues
of the Congressional Record if possible. (17.302)
Page numbers in the daily issues are preceded by
either an "H" or "S" for House or Senate proceedings. Pages
in bound volumes do not have these letters.
"Congressional Record" may also be
abbreviated as "Cong. Rec." in footnotes. (17.309)
F. note:
9. Food Security Act of 1985, HR
2100, 99th Cong., 1st sess., Congressional Record 131 (October 8, 1985):
H 8461.
»»NOTE: Daily issue: House bill number 2100, volume
131, page H 8461.
Bib.: Unless required to keep all references together on a
bibliography, "U.S. Congress" may be omitted in a bibliography.
(17.302)
U.S. Congress. Congressional
Record. 71st Cong., 2d sess., 1930. Vol. 72, pt. 10. Washington, DC.
»»NOTE: Bound volume: vol. 72, pt. 10.
In-text: (Congressional Record 1930, 10828-30)
»»NOTE: Bound volume: pages
10828-30.
Ref. list:
U.S. Congress. Congressional
record. 1930. 71st Cong., 2d sess. Vol. 72, pt. 10. Washington, DC.
OR, if several years
were used:
Ref. list:
U.S. Congress. Congressional
record. 1940-45. Washington, DC.
»»NOTE: The years used are cited as a whole on the
reference list. In-text citations cite the specific year, volume, part, and
pages used, as above.
To cite the person
speaking in a debate/discussion in the Congressional Record:
F. note:
10. Senator Kennedy of Massachusetts, speaking
for the Joint Resolution on Nuclear Weapons Freeze and Reductions, on March 10,
1982, to the Committee on Foreign Relations, S.J. Res. 163, 97th Cong., 1st
sess., Congressional Record 128, pt. 3: 3832-34.
»»NOTE: "Congressional Record" may
also be abbreviated as "Cong. Rec." in footnotes. (17.309)
Bib.:
Kennedy, Edward. Senator Kennedy of
Massachusetts speaking for the Joint Resolution on Nuclear Weapons Freeze and
Reductions to the Committee on Foreign Relations. S. J. Res. 163. Congressional
Record, 97th Cong., 1st sess., 1982. Vol. 128, pt. 3.
In-text: (Kennedy 1982, 3832-34)
Ref. list:
Kennedy, Edward. 1982. Senator Kennedy of
Massachusetts speaking for the Joint Resolution on Nuclear Weapons Freeze and Reductions
to the Committee on Foreign Relations. S. J. Res. 163. 97th Cong., 1st sess. Congressional
record. Vol. 128, pt. 3.
»»NOTE: See below under "Congressional Bills..." for how to cite a bill printed in the Congressional
Record.
Annals of Congress - Register of Debates -
Congressional Globe
Before 1874
congressional debates were privately published in the Annals of Congress
(1789-1824), Register of Debates (1824-37), and Congressional Globe
(1833-73).
They may be cited in
full in a reference list/bibliography with specific dates and pages appearing
only in the footnote/in-text citation.
Dates of publication
differ from years covered. (17.304) They were not printed by the U. S.
Government Printing Office.
F. note:
11. Congressional Globe, 39th Cong.,
2d sess., 1867, 39, pt 9:9505.
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. Annals
of the Congress of the United States, 1789-1824. 42 vols. Washington, DC,
1834-56.
Return
to Table of Contents
U.S. Congress. Congressional Globe. 46
vols. Washington, DC, 1834-73.
In-text: (Annals of Congress 1791, 1414)
(Congressional
Globe 1867, 39, pt. 9: 9505)
Ref. list:
U.S. Congress.
1834-56. Annals of the Congress of the United States, 1789-1824. 42
vols. Washington, DC.
U.S. Congress. 1834-73. Congressional globe.
1833-73. 46 vols. Washington, DC.
»»NOTE: Dates
of the Congressional sessions are part of the title or come after it, as above.
American State Papers and House and Senate
Reports and Documents: Serial Set (to 1981)
American State Papers, first 14 Congresses
The American State
Papers contain privately printed documents from the first fourteen
Congresses, 1789 - 1838.
They are organized in
ten subjects ("classes") such as "1. Foreign Relations",
"5. Military Affairs", etc. Each subject has several volumes.
To cite them, follow
one of the two examples below. (17.313)
F. note:
12. American State Papers, 5, Military
Affairs 2:558.
»»NOTE: American State Papers, class 5, Military Affairs, volume 2,
page 558
OR
13. Mifflin to Washington, July 18, 1791, Am.
St. P.: Misc. 1:39.
»»NOTE: Citation to specific part of the American
State Papers, in Miscellaneous class, volume 1, page 39.
Serial Set, 15th
Congress -
Reports and documents
were given individual numbers and also "serial set" numbers, such as
"Serial 575" or "Serial Set 13381", when they were bound
together at a later date.
Serial set numbers
should be included in a citation if they are available. Newer reports/documents
(1982- ) do not have this additional number and may be cited by report/document
number only (see below). The Manual includes a serial set number in the
example for a footnote but not in the one for a bibliography. (17.306)
F. note:
14. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, The
Mutual Security Act of 1956, 84th Cong., 2d sess., 1956, S. Rep. 2273, 9 -
10.
15. Declarations of a State of War with
Japan, Germany, and Italy, 77th Cong., 1st sess., 1941, S. Doc. 148, serial
10575, 2 -5.
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. House. Report of the Activities
of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial
Problems to March 31, 1947. 80th Cong., 1st sess., 1947. H. Doc 365.
In-text: (Senate 1956, 9) (House 1947, 15)
Ref. list:
U.S. Congress. Senate. 1941. Declaration of
a state of war with Japan, Germany, and Italy. 77th Cong., 1st sess. S.
Doc. 148. Serial 10575.
OR
U.S. Congress. House. 1947. Report of
activities of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and
Financial Problems to March 31, 1947. 80th Cong., 1st sess. H. Doc. 365.
Serial 11154.
House and Senate Reports/Documents, 97th
Congress, 1982-
F. note:
16. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, History
of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 1816-1981, 97th
Cong., 1st sess., S. Doc. 18, 6.
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. House. Child Abuse
Prevention, Adoption and Family Services Act of 1987: Report to Accompany HR
1900. 100th Cong., 1st sess., 1987. H. Rpt. 135.
In-text: (House 1987, 5)
Ref. list:
U.S. Congress. Senate. 1982. History of the
Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 1816-1981. 97th Cong.,
1st sess. S. Doc. 18.
U.S. Congress. House.
1987. Child abuse prevention, Adoption and Family Services Act of 1987:
Report to accompany HR 1900. 100th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. 135.
Return
to Table of Contents
Committee Hearings
F. note:
17. House Committee on Banking and Currency, Bretton
Woods Agreements Act: Hearings on H. R. 3314, 79th Cong., 1st sess., 1945,
12.
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign
Relations. Famine in Africa: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations.
99th Cong., 1st sess., January 17, 1985.
In-text: (House 1945, 12) (Senate 1985, 235-38)
Ref. list:
U.S. Congress. House. 1987. Committee on
Government Operations. Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations
Subcommittee. Hearing on the federal response to the AIDS epidemic:
Information and public education. 100th Cong., 1st sess., March 16, 1987.
U.S. Congress. Senate.
1987. Committee on Small Business. Hearing to examine the cost and
availability of health care benefits for small business and proposals for
federally mandated health benefits. 100th Cong., 1st sess., April 23, 1987.
-------. 1987. Hearing
on the impact on small business of legislation requiring notification to
workers who are at risk of occupational disease. 100th Cong., 1st sess.,
June 10, 1987.
»»NOTE: A 3-em dash (6-7 spaces) may be used for
repeated references to the same congressional source. (17.299) In the example
above, the last two documents are from the Senate Committee on Small Business.
Committee Prints (either method acceptable)
F. note:
18. Senate Committee on the Judiciary,
Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism, State-Sponsored Terrorism,
report prepared by Yonah Alexander and Ray S. Cline, 99th Cong., 1st sess.,
1985, Committee Print 56, 5-6.
OR
18. Yonah Alexander and Ray S. Cline, State-Sponsored
Terrorism, report prepared for the Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism
of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 99th Cong., 1st sess., 1985,
Committee Print 56, 5-6.
Bib.:
U.S. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary.
Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism. State-Sponsored Terrorism.
Report prepared by Yonah Alexander and Ray S. Cline. 99th Cong., 1st sess.,
1985. Committee Print 56.
OR
Alexander, Yonah and
Ray S. Cline. State-Sponsored Terrorism. Report prepared for the
Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism of the Senate Committee on the
Judiciary. 99th Cong., 1st sess., 1985. Committee Print 56.
In-text: (Senate 1985, 5-6) OR (Alexander and Cline 1985, 5-6)
Ref. list:
U.S. Senate. 1985. Committee on the Judiciary.
Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism. State-sponsored terrorism.
Report prepared by Yonah Alexander and Ray S. Cline. 99th Cong., 1st sess.
Committee Print 56.
OR
Alexander, Yonah and Ray S. Cline. 1985. State-sponsored
terrorism. Report prepared for the Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism
of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. 99th Cong., 1st sess. Committee Print
56.
Congressional Bills: House and Senate Bills
and Resolutions
»»NOTE: If a bill has been mentioned in the text, a
footnote or in-text citation is not necessary. (17.309) Abbreviations:
"HR" or "HR Res." for House bills, "S" or "S
Res." for Senate bills. (17.309) "H 8353" is the page number.
F. note:
19. Food Security Act of 1985, HR
2100, 99th Cong., 1st sess.
If published in the Congressional Record:
19. Food Security Act of 1985, HR
2100, 99th Cong., 1st sess., Congressional Record 131 (October 8, 1985):
H 8353.
19. S 2404, 97th Cong., 2d sess. (April 13,
1982), Cong. Rec. 128 (April 20, 1982): S 7091.
»»NOTE: "Congressional Record" may
be abbreviated as "Cong. Rec." in footnotes. The date a bill
was introduced, as distinct from the date it was published in the Congressional
Record, may be added after the congressional session (second
example). (17.309)
Return
to Table of Contents
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. House. Food Security Act of
1985. HR 2100. 99th Cong., 1st sess. Congressional Record 131, no.
132, daily ed. (October 8, 1985): H 8353-8486.
In-text: (House 1985, H 8353)
Ref. list:
U.S. Senate. 1979. A bill to provide for
military registration and mobilization assessment, and for other purposes.
96th Cong., 1st sess. S 226.
LEGAL REFERENCES
The Manual
states that "In nonlegal works, the rules may be adjusted to the
style of the surrounding documentation; providing adequate information to help
readers find a source is more important than slavishly following prescribed
forms of abbreviation and the like". (17.275)
"Since almost
all legal works use notes for documentation and few use bibliographies,
examples...are given in note form only". (17.276)
Examples below are for both styles. They follow the
limited guidance in the Manual (as best as can be determined). Ask your
professor if you should include the citations in a bibliography/reference list
and whether to capitalize the titles in a reference list (as done below).
The U. S.
Statutes at Large contain laws as they were originally passed in
each session of Congress with no changes/updating that may take place in later
years. Volume and page number is the form of legal citation for the U. S.
Statutes: 100 Stat. 56. Laws are arranged chronologically in the order in
which they passed in each Congress.
The U. S. Code
contains current laws arranged by subject ( a "code"). It
includes all changes made to them since passage. Subjects are called
"titles". Title and section form a legal citation: 28 USC 2201.
Normally, the current edition of the U. S. Code is cited.
"§" symbol means
"section" (or §§ for sections). "sec." may also be
used as the abbreviation.
"et seq." means "and the sections that follow".
U. S. Statutes at Large: Original form of laws as passed by Congress
("session laws")
F. note:20. Telecommunications Act of 1996,
Public Law 104-104, U.S. Statutes at Large 100 (1996): 56.
Bib.:
Telecommunications Act
of 1996, U.S. Statutes at
Large 100 (1996).
In-text: (Telecommunications Act of 1996, 4-5)
Ref. list:
Telecommunications Act
of 1996. U.S. statutes at large (1996). Vol. 100, §301.
»»NOTE: "100" is the volume number;
"56" is a page number, as are "4 - 5". Names of laws are
always capitalized.
U. S. Code: Subject arrangement of laws currently in effect (a
"code")
F. note:
21.Declaratory Judgment Act, U.S. Code 28 (2000), § 2201.
Bib.:
Declaratory Judgment
Act, U.S. Code.
Title 28, §§ 2201 et seq. 2000.
In-text: "...a point
illustrated by the Declaratory Judgment Act."
Ref. list:
Declaratory Judgment
Act. 2000. U.S. code.
Title 28, secs. 2201-2.
»»NOTE: Cite the name of the law in the text of the
paper. Use this name as the beginning element on the bibliography/reference
list entry. Names of laws are always capitalized.
U. S. Supreme Court Reports
Federal court
decisions are usually cited in the footnotes and not listed separately in a
bibliography/reference list. (17.276)
Use the name of the
case followed by the legal citation to its location: volume, abbreviated name
of source, page number, and date decided. (17.284)
"U.S."
means the U. S. Supreme Court Reports.
F. note:
22. AT&T Corp. v. Iowa Utils, Bd.,
525 U.S. 366 (1999).
U. S. Constitution
The U. S.
Constitution is cited by article or amendment, section and clause in the text
of the paper and is not usually listed in the bibliography/reference list.
Article and amendment
numbers are in roman numerals, other subdivision numbers are in arabic.
(17.288)
In nonlegal works,
"sec." (section) or "par." (paragraph) may be used rather
than "§" or "¶". (17.289)
"cl." is the abbreviation for
"clause".
F. note:
23. U.S. Const. amend. XIV, §2. ("Fourteenth
Amendment" may also be used.)
OR
23. U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 4, cl. 2.
Code of Federal Regulations
The Manual
does not provide guidelines for citing this source except for a Presidential
executive order. Examples are based on general guidelines. Since it is revised
annually, the most recent edition of the Code of Federal Regulations is
usually cited.
Title 3 is the
permanent compilation of Presidential executive orders, proclamations, and
other material. Citations to this title should include the year (or years, if
in a compilation).
Legal citation
format: 7 CFR 915.20 (title, part and section number)
F. note:
24. Code of Federal Regulations,
Agricultural Marketing Service, title 7, sec. 915.20.
25. Executive Order no. 11,609, Code of
Federal Regulations, title 3, sec. 586 (1971-75).
Bib.:
U.S. National Archives
and Records Administration. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 7.
Agricultural Marketing Service. 2007.
In-text: (Code of Federal Regulations, title 7, sec. 915.20)
Ref. list:
U.S. National Archives
and Records Administration. 2007. Code of federal regulations. Title 7.
Agricultural Marketing Service.
Federal Register
The Manual
does not provide guides for citing this source except for a Presidential
proclamation . Examples are based on general guidelines.
The Federal
Register is published daily. Include the date in a citation.
Legal citation
format: 49 FR 2360 (volume, page number)
F. note:
26. U.S. National Archives and Records
Administration, “Tomatoes Grown in Florida; Change in Size Requirements,” Federal
Register 52, no. 234 (December 1987): 46345.
27. President, Proclamation, "Caribbean
Basin Economic Recovery Act, Proclamation 5142, Amending Proclamation
5133," Federal Register 49, no. 2 (January 1984): 341.
Bib.:
U.S. National Archives and Records
Administration. “Tomatoes Grown in Florida; Change in Size Requirements.” Federal
Register 52, no. 234 (December 1987).
In-text: (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration 1987, 46345)
Ref. list.:
U.S. National Archives and Records
Administration. 1987. Tomatoes grown in Florida; change in size requirements. Federal
register 52, no. 234 (December).
Treaties
Current United States
treaties are issued individually by the Dept. of State in "slip" form
in the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS).
Return
to Table of Contents
Since 1950 the State Department has compiled
treaties and agreements in annual volumes of the United States Treaties and
Other International Agreements. Publication in the "annual"
volumes occurs years after the treaty first appears in slip form.
Instead of
"no." in the examples below, treaties are often cited instead as
"TIAS 12721".
Individual
treaty: "Slip" form - current
F. note:
28. "Conservation, Migratory Birds: Protocol
between the United States of America and Canada Amending the Convention of
August 16, 1916," December 14, 1995, Treaties and Other International
Acts Series, no. 12721 (2003): 4.
Bib.:
U.S. Department of State. "Conservation,
Migratory Birds: Protocol between the United States of America and Canada
Amending the Convention of August 16, 1916". Treaties and Other
International Acts Series. No. 12721. 2003.
In-text: (U.S. Department of State 2003, 4.)
Ref. list:
U.S. Department of State. 2003.
"Conservation, migratory birds: Protocol between the United States of
America and Canada amending the convention of August 16, 1916." Treaties
and other international acts series. No. 12067.
Treaty in compilation:
pre-1950
»»NOTE: Texts of treaties signed before 1949 are
published in the United States Statutes at Large. (17.322)
They are also
published and commonly cited to a compilation by Charles I. Bevans, Treaties
and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776 - 1949.
12 vols.
Bib.:
United States. "Naval Armament Limitation
Treaty." February 26, 1922. United States Statutes at Large 43, pt.
2.
Treaty in annual
volume: after 1950
F. note:
29. "North Atlantic Treaty: Accession of
Spain," May 29, 1982, Treaties and Other International Agreements
34, pt. 3: 3511.
Bib.:
U.S. Department of State. "North Atlantic
Treaty: Accession of Spain." May 29, 1982. Treaties and Other
International Agreements 34, pt. 3. 1988.
In-text: (Department of State 1988, 3511)
Ref. list:
U.S. Department of State. 1988. "North
Atlantic Treaty: Accession of Spain". United States treaties and other
international agreements, vol. 32, pt. 5.
PERIODICAL ARTICLES
In footnotes,
commas are used between elements of a periodical citation. In bibliographies
and reference lists, periods replace the commas.
Footnotes and
bibliographies: titles of articles and journals are capitalized headline
style (each important word capitalized); articles titles are enclosed in
quotes.
Reference lists:
titles and the first letter of a subtitle of articles are sentence style (first
word only capitalized); article titles are not enclosed in quotation marks;
journal names are capitalized headline style.
Journals are normally
cited by volume and date, magazines by date alone. If in doubt as to whether a
periodical is a journal or magazine, use the journal form if the volume number
is easily located, magazine form if it is not. (17.150) Neither month nor
season is necessary (though it is not incorrect to include one or the other)
when the issue number is given. (17.164)
If the journal might
not be known to users of the bibliography, the name of the place or institution
where it is published may be added after the journal title. (17.174)
If page numbers
immediately follow a volume or issue number, separated only by a colon, no
space follows the colon. If parenthetical information intervenes (month, issue
number) a space follows the colon: (17.169)
(Periodical title)
14:213-29
(Periodical title) 19 (Autumn): 164-85
Return
to Table of Contents
Periodical article with personal author and
volume number
F. note:
30. Richard B. Everson, "A Review of
Approaches to the Detection of Genetic Damage in the Human Fetus," Environmental
Health Perspectives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) 74 (1987): 112.
Bib.:
Everson, Richard B. "A Review of
Approaches to the Detection of Genetic Damage in the Human Fetus." Environmental
Health Perspectives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) 74 (October 1987): 109-17.
In-text: (Everson, 1987, 110)
Ref. list:
Everson, Richard B. 1987. A review of
approaches to the detection of genetic damage in the human fetus. Environmental
Health Perspectives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) 74 (October): 109-17.
Periodical article with issuing agency as
author, with volume number
F. note:
31. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System, "Housing and Mortgage Markets: The Post-1982 Expansion," Federal
Reserve Bulletin 73 (1987): 895.
Bib.:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System. "Housing and Mortgage Markets: The Post-1982 Expansion." Federal
Reserve Bulletin 73 (December 1987): 894-903.
In-text: (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System 1987, 898)
Ref. list:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System. 1987. Housing and mortgage markets: The post-1982 expansion. Federal
Reserve Bulletin 73 (December): 894-903.
Periodicals numbered by issue - no volume
number
»»NOTE: If there is no volume number, use a comma
after the journal title. (17.165)
F. note:
32. Ellen Sklar, "Foster Grandparents Go
Inside Prison Walls," Aging (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human
Services, Administration on Aging), 356 (1987): 21.
Bib.:
Sklar, Ellen. "Foster Grandparents Go
Inside Prison Walls." Aging (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human
Services, Administration on Aging), 356 (1987): 20-22.
In-text: (Sklar 1987, 20)
Ref. list:
Sklar, Ellen. 1987. Foster grandparents go
inside prison walls. Aging (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services,
Administration on Aging), 356: 20-22.
NEBRASKA DOCUMENTS
Citations for
Nebraska documents follow the format used for federal documents.
Nebraska documents
are issued in paper; many newer titles are only on microfiche. Ask your
professor if the format should be indicated.
See below for Nebraska documents in electronic format.
State agency document - agency as author
F. note:
33. Nebraska Department of Labor, Women in
Numbers: Working Women in Nebraska, (Lincoln, 1985): 35.
Return
to Table of Contents
Bib.:
Nebraska Department of Labor. Division of
Employment. Women in Numbers: Working Women in Nebraska. Lincoln: The
Department, 1985.
In-text: (Nebraska Department of Labor 1985, 35)
Ref. list:
Nebraska Department of Labor. Division of Employment. 1985. Women
in numbers: working women in Nebraska. Lincoln: The Department.
State agency document
- personal author
F. note:
34. Rebecca S. Fahrlander, Business Women in
Small Town Nebraska (Omaha: University of Nebraska at Omaha): 8.
Bib.:
Fahrlander, Rebecca S. Business Women in
Small Town Nebraska. A report prepared for the Center for Applied Urban
Research. Omaha: University of Nebraska at Omaha, 1981.
In-text: (Fahrlander 1981, 8)
Ref. list:
Fahrlander, Rebecca S. 1981. Business women
in small town Nebraska. A report prepared for the Center for Applied Urban
Research. Omaha: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
NEBRASKA DOCUMENT PERIODICAL ARTICLES
Footnotes and
bibliographies: titles of articles and journals are capitalized headline
style (each important word capitalized)
Reference lists:
titles and the first letter of a subtitle of articles are sentence style (first
word only capitalized); journal names are capitalized headline style. Do not
enclose article title in quotation marks.
Article with a personal author
»»NOTE: Add issuing agency if periodical title is
generic or may not be known to users of the bibliography. (17.174)
F. note:
35. Vernon L. Souders, "To Make a Record of
This Land: The Geologist as Public Servant," Resource Notes
(Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources) 2 (1987): 5.
Bib.:
Souders, Vernon L. "To Make a Record of
This Land: The Geologist as Public Servant." Resource Notes
(Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources) 2 (1987): 4-12.
In-text: (Souders 1987, 7)
Ref. list:
Souders, Vernon L. 1987. To make a record of
this land: The geologist as public servant. Resources Notes (Nebraska
Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources) 2:4-12.
Article with issuing agency as author
F. note:
36. Nebraska Department of Economic Development,
"Norfolk's Success Story," Nebraska Development News 2
(December): 1
Bib.:
Nebraska Department of
Economic Development. "Norfolk's Success Story." Nebraska
Development News 2 (December): 1-2
In-text: (Nebraska Department of Economic Development 1985, 35)
Ref. list:
Nebraska Department of
Economic Development. 1987. Norfolk's success story. Nebraska Development
News 2 (December): 1-2.
NEBRASKA LEGAL REFERENCES
According to the Chicago
Manual, statutory and court documents are usually cited in footnotes and
are not listed separately in a bibliography/reference list. (17.276) Examples
for both styles are below.
Return
to Table of Contents
The Nebraska
Statutes were last comprehensively revised in 1943 which is why the current
edition still has that date.
Names of state laws
are in roman (not italicized); names of codes are italicized. The date a law
passed may be included in parentheses. See also information for federal legal
documents, above.
"§" means
"section", "§§", sections; the first number is the
"chapter" number.
Date following the
title indicates the year the volume was updated or supplemented. (17.312)
Nebraska Statutes: Subject arrangement of Nebraska laws
currently in effect (a "code")
F. note:
37. Election Act, Reissue of the Revised
Statutes of Nebraska, 1943 (2004), §32-101.
Bib.:
Election Act (1994). Reissue
of the Revised Statutes of Nebraska, 1943 (2004). Chap. 32, §§101-1551.
In-text: (Election Act, Reissue of the Revised Statutes of
Nebraska, 1943, §32-104)
Ref. list:
Election Act (1994).
2004. Reissue of the Revised Statutes of Nebraska, 1943. Chap. 32,
§§101-1551.
Legal citation: Neb. Rev. Stat. §32-101. (Cum. Supp. 2004) or
R.R.S. Neb. 1943 §32-101 (2004).
Laws of Nebraska: Original form of laws passed each year
("session laws")
F. note:
38. Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act, LB
341, Laws of Nebraska, 2007: §2.
Bib.:
Uniform Child
Abduction Prevention Act. Laws of Nebraska, 2007. 2007. LB 341, §§1-15.
In-text: (Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act, Laws of Nebraska,
2007, §2)
Ref. list:
Uniform Child
Abduction Prevention Act. 2007. Laws of Nebraska, 2007. LB 341, §§1-15.
Legal citation: This set is usually cited as "Laws, 2007, LB 341" but
this does not indicate the state from which the laws came. Ask your professor
if you should add "Nebraska" to the citation.
Decisions of the Nebraska Supreme Court and Nebraska Court of
Appeals
»»NOTE: Cases are usually cited in a footnote and not
included on a reference list/bibliography. First number is the number of the
volume in which the case appears; the second is the page where the case starts.
Nebraska Supreme Court
Reports:
F. note:
39.State v. Hansen, 249 Neb. 177 (1995).
Nebraska Court of Appeals Reports:
F. note:
40.Bevins v. Gettman, 13 Neb. App. 555 (2007).
Nebraska Constitution
»»NOTE: The Manual offers two styles for
citing a state constitution; dates in parentheses have been added for clarity.
(17.288)
Legal style: F.
note:
41. Neb. Const. of 1875 (amended through 2004),
art. III, § 1.
Manual style: F. note:
42. Nebraska Constitution (2004), art. 3, sec. 1.
ELECTRONIC FORMATS
The Manual
states that titles of electronic sources are italicized; format for the rest of
a citation follows print sources. It states: "When in doubt, avoid italics
and quotation marks and give as much information as may be useful; too much is
better than too little." (16.18)
If you must break a
URL because it is too long to fit on one line, do so after a slash, double
slash or before a tilde, period, comma, hyphen, underline, question mark,
number sign, or percent symbol. URL's may also be broken before or after an
equals sign or ampersand. Do not add a hyphen to denote a line break and a
hyphen that is part of a URL should not appear at the end of a line. (17.11) Do
not enclose the URL in angle brackets (< >). (17.10).
The Manual
recommends that access dates not be included. (17.12) If it is required,
include it parenthetically at the end of the citation: (accessed January 7,
2008). See example for online database, below.
The Manual
does not mention including the name of the index/database from which the
document was retrieved. Ask your professor if this would be useful information
to include, especially in the case of subscription-only databases which do not
allow access by the public.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Government report via GPO Access
F. note:
43. U.S. Government Accountability Office, No
Child Left Behind Act: More Information Would Help States Determine Which
Teachers Are Highly Qualified (2003), 3,
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/gaoreports/index.html.
Bib.:
U.S. Government Accountability Office. No
Child Left Behind Act: More Information Would Help States Determine Which
Teachers Are Highly Qualified. Publication No. GAO-03-631. 2003.
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/gaoreports/index.html.
In-text: (U.S. Government Accountability Office 2003, 3)
Ref. list:
U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2003. No
Child Left Behind Act: More information would help states determine which
teachers are highly qualified. Publication No. GAO-03-631. http://www.gpoaccess.gov/gaoreports/index.html.
Online document via MarciveWeb DOCS index:
Congressional hearing
F. note:
44. House Committee on the Judiciary, Prospects
for American Workers: Immigration's Impact, Hearing before the Subcommittee on
Immigration, Border Security, and Claims of the House Committee on the
Judiciary, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (2004), 10,
http://0-www.marcive.com.rosi.unk.edu/webdocs/webdocs.dll.
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on the
Judiciary. Prospects for American Workers: Immigration's Impact, Hearing
before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims of the
House Committee on the Judiciary, 108th Cong., 1st sess., October 30, 2003.
Serial no. 108-60. 2004. http://0-www.marcive.com.rosi.unk.edu/webdocs/webdocs.dll.
In-text: (House 2004, 10)
Ref. list:
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on the
Judiciary. 2004. Prospects for American workers: Immigration's impact,
hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims of
the House Committee on the Judiciary. 108th Cong., 1st sess., October 30,
2003. Serial no. 108-60. http://0-www.marcive.com.rosi.unk.edu/webdocs/webdocs.dll.
Periodical Article: Agency web site
F. note:
45. Rochelle L. Dalla, Sheran Cramer, and Kay
Stanek, "Economic Strain and Community Concerns in Three Meatpacking
Communities," Rural America (U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Economic Research Service) 17 (2002): 21,
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ruralamerica/ra171/ra171c.pdf.
Bib.:
Dalla, Rochelle L., Sheran Cramer, and Kaye
Stanek. "Economic Strain and Community Concerns in Three Meatpacking
Communities." Rural America 17, 20-25 (2002). Economic Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ruralamerica/ra171/ra171c.pdf.
In-text: (Dalla 2002, 24)
Ref. list:
Dalla, Rochelle L., Sheran Cramer, and Kaye
Stanek. 2002. Economic strain and community concerns in three meatpacking
communities. Rural America 17, 20-25. Economic Research Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture.
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ruralamerica/ra171/ra171c.pdf.
Return
to Table of Contents
CD/DVD
»»NOTE: A specific part or section on a CD/DVD may
also be included as part of the title in the citation. (See next example.)
F. note:
46. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1990 Census of
Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 3A, Nebraska (Washington, DC:
n.d.). CD-ROM.
Bib.:
U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1990 Census of
Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 3A, Nebraska. Washington, DC:
Government Printing Office, n.d. CD-ROM.
In-text: (U.S. Bureau of the Census, n.d.)
Ref. list:
U.S. Bureau of the Census. (n.d.) 1990
census of population and housing, summary tape file 3A, Nebraska.
Washington, DC: Bureau of the Census. CD-ROM.
Statistical table on CD
F. note:
47. U.S. Bureau of the Census, "Means of
Transportation to Work, Kearney City, Nebraska", in 1990 Census of
Population and Housing Summary Tape File 3A (Washington, DC: Bureau of the
Census, n.d.), CD-ROM.
Bib.:
U.S. Bureau of the Census. "Means of
Transportation to Work, Kearney City, Nebraska". In 1990 Census of
Population and Housing Summary Tape File 3A. Washington, DC: Bureau of the
Census, n.d. CD-ROM.
In-text: (U.S. Bureau of the Census, n.d.)
Ref. list:
U.S. Bureau of the Census. n.d. Means of
transportation to work, Kearney city, Nebraska. In 1990 Census of population
and housing summary tape file 3A. Washington, DC Bureau of the Census.
CD-ROM.
Online database
(From 17.358)
F. note:
48. NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database,
http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/ (object name IRAS F00400+4059; accessed August
1, 2001).
In-text: (NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database [object name IRAS
F00400+4059])
Bibliography or Reference list:
NASA/IPAC
Extragalactic Database. http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/ (object name IRAS
F00400+4059; accessed August 1, 2001).
CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGAL MATERIALS
Congressional bill - Lexis/Nexis
Congressional
»»NOTE: The Manual
states that if material is obtained from a subscription database, the URL for
only the main entrance of the service should be included. (A URL leading
directly to a specific title is the result of the search done to retrieve it.
The URL is not stable but is generated as a result of the search.) Even if a
stable URL to a specific resource is available, the main entrance one is easier
to reproduce. (17.359) See next example
if page numbers are not present.
F. note:
49. Violence Against Women Act of 1999,
HR 357, House, 106th Cong., 1st sess., 1999, sec. 122,
http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. House. Violence Against
Women Act of 1999. HR 357. 106th Cong., 1st sess. 1999.
http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
In-text: (House 1999, sec. 122)
Ref. list.:
U.S. Congress. House. 1999. Violence
Against Women Act of 1999, HR 357, 106th Cong., 1st sess.
http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
»»NOTE: Names of acts are
always capitalized.
Return
to Table of Contents
House or Senate report or document - Lexis/Nexis
Congressional
»»NOTE: If there are no page
numbers, add a descriptive locator, such as a subheading, to footnotes and
in-text citations if doing so will be helpful. (17.181)
F. note:
50. Senate Committee on the Environment and
Public Works, Estuary Habitat Restoration Partnership Act of 1998, 105th
Cong., 2d sess., 1998, S. Rept. 105-273, under "General statement,
Background", http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. Senate. Estuary Habitat
Restoration Partnership Act of 1998. S. Rept. No. 105-273. 105th Cong., 2d
sess. http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
In-text: (Senate 1998, under "General statement,
Background")
Ref. list.:
U.S. Congress. Senate. 1998. Estuary
Habitat Restoration Partnership Act of 1998. S. Rept. No. 105-273. 105th
Cong., 2d sess. http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
»»NOTE: Use. "H.
Rept." for a House report, "H. Doc." or "S. Doc." for
House or Senate documents.
Congressional Record - Lexis/Nexis
Congressional
F. note:
51. Senator Kerrey of Nebraska, S. 1205,
amendment no. 3275, prohibit Environmental Protection Agency enforcement of
public drinking water treatment requirements for copper, July 23, 1998, 105th
Cong., 2d sess., Congressional Record 144: S8830, http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
»»»NOTE: S8830 is the page number - Senate portion of Congressional
Record. "H" numbers indicate proceedings from the House of
Representatives.
In-text: (Congressional Record 1998, S8830)
Bib.:
U.S. Congress. Congressional Record.
105th Cong., 2d sess., 1998. Vol. 144, no. 100.
http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
Ref. list.:
U.S. Congress. 1998.
105th Cong., 2nd sess. Congressional record 144, no. 100.
http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
Online Legal
References
»»NOTE: See also legal section, above for more information on citing legal
materials. Citations to legal materials are usually not included in reference
lists or bibliographies.
U. S. Statutes at Large (Stat.) - Lexis/Nexis
Congressional
F. note:
52. Carl D. Perkins Vocational and
Applied Technology Education Amendments of 1998, Public Law 105-332, 105th
Cong., 2d sess. (October 31, 1998), 3077,
http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
U. S. Code (USC) - Lexis/Nexis Congressional
F. note:
53. Carl D. Perkins Vocational and
Applied Technology Education Act, U.S. Code 20 (1998) §2301 et seq.,
http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
»»»NOTE: Title 20, section 2301. "et seq."
means the act includes other sections that follow the initial section.
U.
S. Constitution - GPO Access
F. note:
54. The Constitution of the United States
of America, Analysis and Interpretation, 1998 Suppl., S. Doc. 106-8,
http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/-senate/constitution/index.html.
55. Constitution of the United States of
America, Amend. 1, Religious and Political Freedom, U.S.C.S. Const., 2005,
http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/-senate/constitution/index.html.
»»»NOTE: "U.S.C.S": United States Code
Service
Return
to Table of Contents
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents or Public Papers of the President via GPO
Access
F. note:
56. G. W. Bush,
"Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union,
January 20, 2004," Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents,
95,
http://frwebgate4.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.cgi?WAISdocID=8408815916+15+0+0&WAISaction=retrieve.
U. S. Supreme Court Reports (U.S.) - Lexis/Nexis
Academic
F. note:
57. Regents of
the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978),
http://0-www.lexisnexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/us/lnacademic/.
»»»NOTE: 438 is the volume number, 265 is the first
page of the decision. Date, (1978), is when the case was decided.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)- Lexis/Nexis Academic
F. note:
58. U.S. Department of
the Interior, National Park Service, "Minerals management", Code
of Federal Regulations, Title 36, pt. 9, sec. 1 2004,
http://0-www.lexisnexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/us/lnacademic/.
Federal Register (FR) - Lexis/Nexis Congressional
F. note:
59. U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
Transportation Security Administration, "Maryland, Three Airports:
Enhanced Security Procedures for Operations at Certain Airports in the
Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Flight Restricted Area", Federal
Register 70 (10 February 2004): 7150 (to be codified at 49 C.F.R. §1562),
http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp/.
»»»NOTE: Volume 70, page
7,150. Title 49, part 1562 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS FROM NEBRASKA STATE AGENCIES
Nebraska agency publication - personal
author(s)
F. note:
60. M. Link and D. Inman, Ground Water
Monitoring at Livestock Waste Control Facilities in Nebraska, December, 2003,
Nebraska Dept. of Environmental Quality,
http://www.deq.state.ne.us/Publica.nsf/Pages/WAT062.
Bib.:
Link, M. and D. Inman. Ground Water
Monitoring at Livestock Waste Control Facilities in Nebraska, December, 2003.
Nebraska Dept. of Environmental Quality.
http://www.deq.state.ne.us/Publica.nsf/Pages/WAT062.
In-text: (Link, Inman 2003)
Ref. list.:
Link, M., and D.
Inman. 2004. Ground water monitoring at livestock waste control facilities
in Nebraska, December, 2003. Nebraska Dept. of Environmental Quality.
http://www.deq.state.ne.us/Publica.nsf/Pages/WAT062.
Nebraska agency publication - agency as author
F. note:
61. Nebraska Health and Human Services System, Nebraska
Adolescents: The Results of 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of Nebraska Public
High School Students (Grades 9 - 12), 2004,
http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/srd/2003_YRBS.pdf.
Bib.:
Nebraska Health and
Human Services System. Nebraska Adolescents: The Results of 2003 Youth Risk
Behavior Survey of Nebraska Public High School Students (Grades 9 - 12).
2004. http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/srd/2003_YRBS.pdf.
In-text: (Nebraska Health and Human Services System 2004)
Ref. list.:
Nebraska Health and
Human Services System. 2004. Nebraska adolescents: The results of 2003 youth
risk behavior survey of Nebraska public high school students (grades 9 - 12).http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/srd/2003_YRBS.pdf.
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Periodical article
from a Nebraska agency
F. note:
62. J. Sutherland, "Job Vacancy Survey
Update," Economic Trends: A Monthly Review of Labor Market Information,
1: 4 (2004),
http://www.dol.state.ne.us/nwd/center.cfm?PRICAT=4&SUBCAT=4C&APP=4C10&action=trends.
Bib.:
Sutherland, J. "Job Vacancy Survey
Update." Economic Trends: A Monthly Review of Labor Market Information,
1 (2004): 4-6 , Nebraska Dept. of Labor.
http://www.dol.state.ne.us/nwd/center.cfm?PRICAT=4&SUBCAT=4C&APP=4C10&action=trends.
In-text: (Sutherland 2004)
Ref. list.:
Sutherland, J. 2004. Job
vacancy survey update. Economic trends: A monthly review of labor market
information, 1: 4-6. Nebraska Dept. of Labor.
http://www.dol.state.ne.us/nwd/center.cfm?PRICAT=4&SUBCAT=4C&APP=4C10&action=trends.
»»NOTE: Vol. 1, pgs. 4 - 6. If there is a personal
author, include the name of the state agency to indicate the source since state
agency documents may not be well-known. This is especially important when the
title of the publication is generic as in this example.
Statistical table
F. note:
63. Nebraska State Data Center, Nebraska
Counties Ranked by Selected Social and Economic Characteristics: 2000 Census,
(n.d.), http://www.unomaha.edu/~cpar/sf3table_2.pdf.
Bib.:
Nebraska State Data Center. University of
Nebraska at Omaha. Nebraska Counties Ranked by Selected Social and Economic
Characteristics: 2000 Census. (n.d.)
http://www.unomaha.edu/~cpar/sf3table_2.pdf.
In-text: (Nebraska State Data Center n.d.)
Ref. list.:
Nebraska State Data
Center. University of Nebraska at Omaha. (n.d.) Nebraska counties ranked by
selected social and economic characteristics: 2000 census.
http://www.unomaha.edu/~cpar/sf3table_2.pdf.
Publications from the
Unicameral Web Site
Nebraska Blue Book
F. note:
64. Nebraska, Unicameral, "Nebraska
Presidential Election Statistics, 1868 - 2000", in Nebraska Blue Book,
2002 - 2003 (2003), 983,
http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/bluebook/polit/elections.pdf.
Bib.:
Nebraska. Unicameral. "Elections:
Nebraska Presidential Election Statistics, 1868 - 2000." In Anderson, A.
D., ed. Nebraska Blue Book, 2002 - 2003, 981 - 1030. 2003.
http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/bluebook/polit/elections.pdf.
In-text: (Nebraska, Unicameral 2003)
Ref. list.:
Nebraska. Unicameral.
2003. Elections: Nebraska Presidential election statistics, 1868 - 2000. In
Anderson, A. D., ed. Nebraska blue book, 2002 - 2003, 981 - 1030.
http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/bluebook/polit/elections.pdf.
»»NOTE: Pages 981 - 1030.
Unicameral Update
F. note:
65. Nebraska, Unicameral, "Committee Kills
Bill Allowing Home Schoolers to Join Public School Activities," Unicameral
Update: The Nebraska Legislature's Weekly Publication, 28 no. 7 (2005 ): 4,
http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/update/pdf_archives/2005/issue7.pdf.
Bib.:
Nebraska. Unicameral. "Committee Kills
Bill Allowing Home Schoolers to Join Public School Activities." Unicameral
Update: The Nebraska Legislature's Weekly Publication, 28 no. 7 (2005) : 4.
http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/update/pdf_archives/2005/issue7.pdf.
In-text: (Nebraska, Unicameral 2005)
Return
to Table of Contents
Ref. list.:
Nebraska. Unicameral.
2005. Committee kills bill allowing home schoolers to join public school
activities. Unicameral update: The Nebraska legislature's weekly publication,
28 no. 7: 4. http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/update/pdf_archives/2005/issue7.pdf.
»»NOTE: Volume 28, issue 7, page 4.
Legislative bill
F. note:
66. Nebraska, Unicameral, Employment Security
Law, LB 739 (2005),
http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/pdf/INTRO_LB739.pdf.
Bib.:
Nebraska. Unicameral. 99th Legislature, 1st
sess. Employment Security Law, LB 739. 2005.
http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/pdf/INTRO_LB739.pdf.
In-text: (Nebraska, Unicameral 2005)
Ref. list.:
Nebraska. Unicameral. 99th Legislature, 1st
sess. 2005. Employment Security Law, LB 739.
http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/pdf/INTRO_LB739.pdf.
Nebraska Statutes
F. note:
67. Disposition
of Personal Property, Landlord and Tenant Act, Reissue of the Revised Statues
of Nebraska 1943 §69-2301 (2004),
http://uniweb.legislature.ne.gov/QS/laws.php?mode=view_sta&sta=s6923001000.
»»»NOTE: Chapter 69, section 2301, published in 2004.
Legal
citation: Neb. Rev. Stat. §69-2301. (Cum. Supp. 2004) or R.R.S. Neb.
1943 §69-2301 (2004)
Decisions of the
Nebraska Supreme Court or Nebraska Court of Appeals: Lexis/Nexis Academic
F. note:
68. Nancy D. Vice v. Darm
Corporation, 224 Neb. 1 (1986) (395 N.W.2d 524),
http://0-www.lexisnexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/us/lnacademic/.
Legal
citation: Vice v. Darm Corp. 224 Neb. 1
»»»NOTE:
Volume 224, case begins on page 1". Include the parallel citation to the
regional reporter (North Western Reporter) location of the same
case.
Abbreviation for the
Nebraska Court of Appeals is "Neb. Ct. App.": 10 Neb. Ct. App. 69
(include citation to N.W.2d also).
Nebraska Administrative Code: Nebr. Secretary of State Web Site
F. note:
69. Nebraska, Secretary of State, "Rules and
Regulations Concerning the Administration of the Affordable Housing Act, Administrative
Code 86 (1997): 5,
http://www.sos.state.ne.us/business/regsearch/Rules/Economic_Development_Dept_of/Title-86/Chapter-4and5.pdf.
Legal citation: 86 NAC
5
»»»NOTE: Title 86, chapter 5. Nebraska
Administrative Code is abbreviated "NAC".
Diana J. Keith
Associate Professor
Government Documents Librarian
Calvin T. Ryan Library
University of Nebraska at Kearney
Revised April, 2008
Reviewed July 28, 2010 (RK)
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