According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th edition. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2003.
Revised December, 2004
Table of Contents
General Guidelines
Federal Government Documents
Nebraska Government Documents
Electronic and Online Government Documents
This guide is based on:
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2003. *LB 2369 .G53 2003 (Reference collection, main floor)
GENERAL GUIDELINES
(Numbers in parentheses refer to pages in the above title.)
The MLA Handbook recommends a citation method that uses parenthetical references keyed to a list of research materials used. This list appears at the end of the paper and is titled "Works Cited".
Since parenthetical references are based on the list of works cited, the works cited section should be prepared first (144).
You need to know if you have more than one work by the same agency (include a shortened title in the parenthetical reference if this is the case) or if two personal authors have the same last name (use initials or first names in the parenthetical reference).
The works cited list is in alphabetical order by the name of the agency or last name of personal authors.
»»NOTE: All entries on a "Works Cited" list should be double spaced, both between lines in one entry, and between entries.
»»NOTE: Use the "hanging indent" style of indenting second and subsequent lines. If the entry continues on a second line, indent the second line 5 spaces.
(Examples are shown in block style due to coding limitations. MLA uses underlining for titles which is misleading in this online guide since it normally indicates a link.)
GENERAL GUIDELINES: Works Cited List
Book or Monograph:
Format:
- Author's name. Title of the book. Publication information.
Author: Use the personal author; if there is none, use the name of the government agency. If more than one personal author, use comma between names.
Title: Take title from title page, not cover. Capitalize all words except "a", "an", "the", "and", and prepositions such as "between", "in", "to", "of", "for", etc.
Publication Information: Give the agency responsible for the publication, city, publisher's name, and year of publication.
Example:
Spires, David N. Orbital Futures: Selected Documents in Air Force Space History. 2 vols. United States Air Force. Washington: GPO, 2004.
Periodical Article:
Format:
- Author's name. "Title of article." Title of the journal Publication information.
(Publication information: Journal title, volume number, date of publication, inclusive page numbers.)
Example:
Setzer, Christian, and Marisa Elena Domino. "Medicaid Outpatient Utilization for Waterborne Pathogenic Illness Following Hurricane Floyd." Public Health Reports 119 (2004): 472-478.
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GENERAL GUIDELINES: Parenthetical References
Parenthetical references are short notes in the text of the paper that indicate where the material came from. They are used whenever a fact, opinion, or quotation from another work is borrowed (142).
- If the author's name has been mentioned in the text or if an entire work is being cited, it is not necessary to repeat the name in the parenthetical reference.
MLA recommends including long names in the text ("A study by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration indicated...") rather than using an extended parenthetical reference.
Abbreviations may be used for commonly abbreviated terms (250).
- Keep parenthetical references as brief and as few as clarity and accuracy permit (239).
FORMAT
(Author's last name page number[s])
- One space separates the name and page number(s); do not use "p." or "pg."
- The Handbook suggests placing the parenthetical reference at the end of a sentence, if possible (241).
- The period at the end of the sentence would come after the parenthesis.
-
- Example: "This point has been argued before (Frye 178-85)."
CITATION FORMS FOR GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Bibliographic citations for government documents follow the same form as books and articles, illustrated above.
In general, if the writer of the document is not known, treat the government agency as the author: state the name of the government first, followed by the name of the agency.
If two or more works issued by the same government are being cited, substitute three hyphens for the government's name in each entry after the first.
If the agency name is also the same, three hyphens may be used in place of its name (174). MLA uses the abbreviations "Cong." and "Dept." instead of the full word.
Example:
United States. Cong. House.
---. ---. Senate.
---. Dept. of Health and Human Services.
Federal publications are usually published by the U. S. Government Printing Office, abbreviated "GPO", in Washington, D.C.: "Washington: GPO, (year)."
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EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT AND AGENCY DOCUMENTS
This category includes documents issued by federal agencies such as the Dept. of Agriculture, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Dept. of Justice, Federal Reserve Board, National Endowment for the Arts, Consumer Product Safety Commission, and others that begin with "Department of..." or have "Board", "Commission", "Committee", or "Bureau" in their names.
Documents from Congress are cited somewhat differently (see below).
Agency as author
United States. Dept. of Labor. Employment and Training Administration. Dictionary of Occupational Titles. 4th ed. Washington: GPO, 1977.
---. Dept. of the Treasury. Bureau of Prohibition. Digest of Supreme Court Decisions Interpreting the National Prohibition Act and Willis-Campbell Act. Washington: GPO, 1929.
---. Federal Trade Commission. Advertising and Marketing on the Internet: Rules of the Road. Washington: GPO, 1998.
»»NOTE: Three dashes take the place of "United States" after it has been listed once.- Use of the subagency name is optional but gives the reader more help in locating the source. Larger federal agencies have many subagencies which can make identification of a specfic document title difficult.
Personal author
Pillsbury, Michael. China Debates the Future Security Environment. A study prepared at the Institute for National Strategic Studies. Washington: National Defense University Press, 2000.
OR: (Either is acceptable.) (176)
United States. Dept. of Defense. Institute for National Strategic Studies. China Debates the Future Security Environment. By Michael Pillsbury. Washington: National Defense University Press, 2000.
Multivolume work
United States. President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island. Reports of the Technical Assessment Task Force. 3 vols. Washington: GPO, 1979.
»»NOTE: If you use only one of the three volumes, indicate which one was used.
- The total number of volumes in the set may be listed after the date of publication.
- If the volumes were published over a period of years, give the inclusive dates at the end of the citation, "1979-82" (168). Using the above citation as an illustration:
United States. President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island. Reports of the Technical Assessment Task Force. Vol. 1. Washington: GPO, 1979. 3 vols. 1979-82.
Editor/compiler
- A work that has been compiled or edited can be cited as the example, above, for personal author. After the person's name, use the abbreviation "ed." or "comp." (or "eds.", "comps." if more than one person was involved [154]). Use both if the person performed both roles:
Sander, John, and Nora J. Smith, eds. Accountability for Fiscal Year 1998. U. S. Dept. of State. Washington: GPO, 1999.
OR: (Either is acceptable)
United States. Dept. of State. Accountability Report for Fiscal Year 1998. Eds. John Sander and Nora J. Smith. Washington: GPO, 1999.
Series with personal author
- United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 1996-97. Ed. Margot Anderson and Richard Magleby. Agricultural Handbook No. 712. Washington: GPO, 1997.
»»NOTE: Editors' or authors' names may be placed first, as in example above, under "Editor/Compiler". The name of the series ("Agricultural Handbook…") comes before publication information. Series with corporate author
United States. Dept. of Commerce. Census Bureau. Geographical Mobility, March, 1997 to March, 1998: Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports P20-520. Washington: GPO, 2000.
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CONGRESSIONAL DOCUMENTS
General rule: When citing a congressional document (except the Congressional Record, see below), include the number and session of the Congress, the house (Senate or House of Representatives), the type of publication and its number (if applicable).
- Types of publications include bills (S 33; HR 77; no periods after S or HR), resolutions (S. Res. 20; H. Res. 50), reports (S. Rept. 9; H. Rept. 142), and documents (S. Doc. 333; H. Doc. 247) (174).
Abbreviate "Congress" as "Cong."
Congressional Record
Cong. Rec. 7 Feb. 1973: 3831-51.- (Use only the date and page number[s])
Committee hearing
United States. Cong. Senate. Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring and the District of Columbia Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs. Hearing, Egg Safety: Are There Cracks in the Federal Food Safety System? 106th Cong., 1st sess. Washington: GPO, 1999.
---. ---. House. Committee on Small Business. Hearing, Women's Entrepreneurship: Successes and Challenges. 108th Cong., 2nd sess. Washington: GPO, 2004.
House/Senate reports and documents
United States. Cong. House. Memphis Riots and Massacres. By E. B. Washburne. 39th Cong., 2nd sess. H. Rept. 101. Washington: GPO, 1866.
Committee print
United States. Cong. House. Committee on Science. Unlocking Our Future: Toward a New National Science Policy. By Vernon Ehlers. 105th Cong., 2nd sess. Committee Print 105-B. Washington: GPO, 1998.
Bills and resolutions
United States. Cong. Senate. Military Registration and Mobilization Assessment Act of 1979. 96th Cong., 1st sess. S 226. Washington: GPO, 1979.
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LEGAL REFERENCES
If your paper requires many legal references, MLA suggests consulting the most recent edition of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (Cambridge: Harvard Law Rev. Assn.) (206). (Library Reference Collection, *KF 245 .B58 [year])
Do not underline or use quotation marks for the titles of laws, acts, or documents such as the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, or U. S. Code. Do not include these documents in the works-cited list; a parenthetical reference is all that is needed (206).
MLA does not use the standard legal format for citations. The standard format, as recommended in the Bluebook, is given after each example. Symbol "§" means "section".
U. S. Code
- 18 USC Sec. 1821. 1994.
U. S. Code is abbreviated "USC". The first number is the title number, "18 USC," and the section number(s) follows: "1821." "1994" is the year of the edition.
- Standard legal format: 18 USC 1821
U. S. Constitution
- US Const., art. 1, sec. 1.
Do not underline "US Const."
- Standard legal format: U.S. Const., Art. I, §8, cl. 8
(Article 1, section 8, clause 8)
U. S. Statutes at Large
»»NOTE: Current public laws ("slip laws") are later cumulated in the U. S. Statutes at Large. They should be cited to the Statute citation found in the upper right-hand corner on each page of the slip law. State the name of the act, its public law number, the date it was enacted, and the Statute citation:
- Marine Turtle Conservation Act of 2004. Pub. L. 108-266. 2 July 2004. Stat. 118.791.
Do not underline the name of the act or "Stat". "118" is the volume number and "791" is the page number in the Statutes. Use periods between and at the end of the citation elements (206).
Standard legal format: 118 Stat. 791
U. S. Supreme Court Decisions
General rule: Name of the first plaintiff and the first defendant, the number of the case, the name of the court that decided the case, and the date it was decided. (207). Names of cases and court names are frequently abbreviated.
The following example refers to the William "Sky" King versus St. Vincent's Hospital case decided by the U. S. Supreme Court in December, 1991.
- King v. St. Vincent's Hospital. No. 90-889. Supreme Ct. of the US. 16 December 1991.
Standard legal format for this case: 502 US 215
(Volume 502, U. S. Supreme Court Reports, decision starts on page 215.)
Federal Register
United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Food and Nutrition Service. "Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC): Certification Integrity." Federal Register 21 Jan. 2000: 3375- 3379.
»»NOTE: MLA does not provide guidance for the Federal Register. Example based on format for periodicals, p. 180-186, since it is published daily. Use the date and page numbers.
- Standard legal format: 65 FR 3375-3379
(Volume 65, Federal Register, pages 3375-3379)
Code of Federal Regulations
United States. Dept. of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Marine Fisheries Service. "Restrictions Applicable to Threatened Marine and Anadromous Species." 50 CFR 223.201. 2003.
»»NOTE: MLA does not provide specific guidance for the above. Example based on format for other legal citations with standard legal format at end (Title 50, part 223.201). "Pt." is not used.
An alternative would be to cite it like the U. S. Code: 50 CFR Pt. 223.201. 2003.
Treaties
MLA does not specifically address treaties.
- Current United States treaties are issued individually by the Department of State in "slip" form in the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS).
-
- Since 1950, the State Department publishes them in bound volumes of the United States Treaties and Other International Agreements set, usually many years after the slip form has been printed.
- MLA states that names of laws, acts, and similar documents are not underlined (206).
-
- If the treaty has an individual identifying number (TIAS 10920) include it as part of the citation.
Texts of treaties signed before 1950 can best be cited to the treaty compilation by Charles Bevans, published from 1968 to 1974 (see below). The example is based on the form for citing a multi-volume work (168 - 169). -
- MLA is inconsistent (169) as to placement of the publisher information. The examples below follow the format for books by placing this element at the end of the citation.
Individual treaty (slip form - current)
United States. Dept. of State. "Environmental Cooperation: Memorandum of Understanding between the United States of America and Poland, Signed at Washington May 15, 1995." Treaties and Other International Acts Series 12646. Washington: GPO, 2000.
Treaty in a compilation (pre-1950)
United States. Dept. of State. "Establishment of Tariff Duties with Respect to Japan, June 25, 1866." Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949. Comp. Charles I. Bevans. Vol. 1. Washington: GPO, 1968. 13 vols. 1968-74.
Treaty in annual volume (post-1950)
United States. Dept. of State. "People's Republic of China: Industrial and Technological Cooperation, January 12, 1984." TIAS No. 10920. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements. Vol. 35, part 4. Washington: GPO, 1996.
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PERIODICAL ARTICLES from FEDERAL AGENCIES
»»NOTE: MLA does not specifically address citing federal government document periodicals. These examples are drawn from the general guidelines for periodicals.
MLA recommends treating the government agency as the author if there is no personal author (174). An article with a personal author would be listed under the person's name.
MLA distinguishes scholarly journals from magazines by omitting the volume and issue number in magazine citations (188).
General format
Scholarly journal:
Author or agency name. "Title of article." Name of periodical Volume number (Year of publication): page number(s).
Do not use a period after the name of the periodical. Put the issue number after the volume number if each issue is paged separately. End the citation with a period.
Magazine:
Author or agency name. "Title of article." Name of magazine Day month year: page number(s).
If the magazine is published weekly or every two weeks, give the day, month, and year. Abbreviate all months except May, June and July (187). Do not use volume and issue number, even if they are given (188). If the magazine is published monthly or less frequently, give the month(s) and year (188).
Issuing agency as author; continuous pagination; scholarly journal
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. "Monetary Policy Report to the Congress." Federal Reserve Bulletin 90 (2004): 265-288.
Use only the volume number if the journal's page numbers start at the beginning of the year and are continuous, i.e., January's issue ends with page 160 and February's starts with 161, etc. (183).
Use the volume and issue number if each issue starts with page 1. Use this format: volume number. issue number (with no space between): 14.2 (184).
Personal author of article; issue-by-issue pagination; magazine
Henkel, John. "Buying Drugs Online: It's Convenient and Private but Beware of 'Rogue Sites'." FDA Consumer Mar. 1998: 25-29.
Do not use volume or issue number for a magazine, even if they are given (188).
Weekly or biweekly magazine
United States. Dept. of Commerce. International Trade Administration. "Small and Minority Businesses Advise the Federal Government on U. S. Trade Policy." Business America: The Magazine of International Trade 29 Nov. 1993: 9-11.
Give complete date followed by a colon and the inclusive page numbers. Use a plus sign if the article is not printed on consecutive pages: 65+ (it begins on page 65, then skips to page 70). Don't give volume or issue number (188).
ERIC DOCUMENTS
MLA does not provide specific guidelines for these publications. The following is based on the guidelines for articles in a microform collection (193).
If the ERIC document was published elsewhere before being included in ERIC, include the facts of original publication followed by the ERIC statement:
- Spolsky, Bernard. Navajo Language Maintenance: Six-Year-Olds in 1969. Navajo Reading Study Prog. Rept. 5. Albuquerque: UP of New Mexico, 1969. ERIC ED 043 004.
When citing a university press, always add the abreviation "P" since the university may publish independently of its press: "Ohio State UP", "UP of Mississippi" (273).
If the material was not previously published, follow this format:
Streiff, Paul R. Some Criteria for Designing Evaluation of TESOL Programs. ERIC, 1970. ED 040 385.
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NEBRASKA STATE DOCUMENTS
MLA provides one example for citing state documents (175). The examples below are based on it and the more general instructions. They follow the format used for federal documents.
DOCUMENTS PUBLISHED BY STATE AGENCIES
Corporate author
Nebraska. Dept. of Education. Mathematics and Science Frameworks for Nebraska Schools, Kindergarten through Grade Twelve. Lincoln: NE Dept. of Education, 1994.
Personal author
Bleed, Ann S., and Charles A. Flowerday, eds. An Atlas of the Sand Hills. 3rd ed. expanded. Resource Atlas No. 5b. Lincoln: U of Nebraska, Conservation and Survey Division, 1998.
OR: (Either is acceptable.)
University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Conservation and Survey Division. An Atlas of the Sand Hills. Eds. Ann S. Bleed and Charles A. Flowerday. 3rd ed. expanded. Resource Atlas No. 5b. Lincoln: U of Nebraska, 1998.
Conference proceedings
University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Cooperative Extension. Platte Watershed Program. Proceedings, North Platte River Basin Ecosystem Symposium, 24-25 February 1998, Kearney, Nebraska. Lincoln: U of Nebraska Cooperative Extension, 1998.
PERIODICAL ARTICLES from NEBRASKA AGENCIES
Article with a personal author; continuous pagination; scholarly journal
Moul, Francis. "The Biggest Partner: The Federal Government and Sioux County, Nebraska." Nebraska History 80 (1999): 150-165.
Article with issuing agency as author; issue-by-issue pagination; magazine
Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. "Nebraska's Hunting Heritage." Nebraskaland Mar. (1998): 6-11.
Article with personal author; issue-by-issue pagination; magazine
Carlson, Marvin P. "Island Arcs, Accretionary Terranes and Midcontinent Structure: New Understandings of the Geologic Architecture of the U. S. Midcontinent" Resource Notes [U of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources] Fall, 2000: 15-18.
The name of the city or institution may be given in brackets if the journal is not widely known (similar to citing a newspaper [185]). This is not necessary if the issuing agency is the author of the article.
NEBRASKA LEGAL REFERENCES
A format similar to that used for federal legal materials may be followed. MLA provides no guidance for legal citations at the state level. The standard legal citation format is given after each example. The symbol "§" means "section".
Laws of Nebraska
Nebraska Investment Finance Act. LB 626. 26 May 1983. Laws of Nebraska, 1983.
»»NOTE: State the name of the act, its legislative bill number (LB), the date it was enacted, the title of the compilation of laws, and year (206).
Standard legal citation format, including a section number: Laws 1983, LB 626, §126
Nebraska Investment Finance Act. Chap. 58. Sec. 201-272. Reissue of the Revised Statutes of Nebraska, 1943. 1984.
»»NOTE: Chapter 58, sections 201-272.
- Standard legal citation format: Neb. Rev. Stat. 58 §201-272 (Reissue 1984).
Nebraska Supreme Court
Anderson v. Carlson. No. 34884. Nebr. Supreme Court. Jan. 1961.
- Standard legal citation for this case: "171 Neb. 741" (volume 171, Nebraska Supreme Court Reports, page 741).
No underlining is used when citing a court case (207).
State agency regulations: Nebraska Administrative Code (NAC)
Nebraska. Real Estate Appraiser Board. "Standards of Practice." 298 NAC 2.001. 2003.
»»NOTE: Title 298, Nebraska Administrative Code, chapter 2, section 001.
MLA does not provide guidance for state agency regulations.- Example is standard legal citation format: (title number) (abbreviation for name of code) (chapter and section of title being cited).
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ELECTRONIC FORMATS: CD, DVD, Disk
- Include the following information when citing a CD, DVD, or disk:
- Name of author or government agency. (Use "ed." if work has an editor.) Publication format (CD-ROM, DVD, Diskette). Edition or version, if relevant. Place of publication. Name of publisher. Date of publication.
If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available (226).
»»NOTE: In general, federal agency compact discs, DVDs, and disks are published by the agency and not by the U. S. Government Printing Office. Place of publication may not be available.
If the title is a one-time publication, use a comma between the name of the publishing agency and the date of publication. If it is updated periodically, use a period between the agency publisher and date. (see below)
CD-ROMS, DVDS AND DISKETTES
Single CD or DVD:
Government agency as author
- United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Breathing Easy: What Home Buyers and Sellers Should Know about Radon. DVD. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2002.
Personal author
McCrory, Patricia A., et al. Depth to the Juan de Fuca Slab Beneath the Cascadia Subduction Margin: A 3-D Model for Sorting Earthquakes. Data Series DS-91. CD-ROM. US Geological Survey, 2004.
»»NOTE: If there are more than three authors, you may cite only the first one and use "et al." ("and others"; no period after "et") instead of listing all of them (154).
To cite part of a CD or DVD
United States. Dept. of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Monthly Climatic Data for the World." Aug. 1998. The National Climatic Data Center Periodical Publications, July 1998 Thru September 1998. CD-ROM. US Dept. of Commerce. Dec. 1998.
»»NOTE: To cite only part of a work:
If the part is book-length, underline the title. If it is shorter, such as a chapter or article, use quotation marks (226). Include month if source is updated or issued periodically. (Note: "Thru" in example above is spelling used on CD.)
Multiple CD/DVD sets, periodical:
United States. Dept. of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA Weather Charts: Chart Series C, Tropical Strip/Precipitation and Observed Weather Charts. June, 1997. NOAA Weather Charts 4 (1997). CD-ROM. Disc 3. National Climatic Data Center, 1997.
»»NOTE: Monthly publication with volume numbers: volume 4, published in 1997. To cite a CD or DVD set with more than one disc, indicate the total number of discs or the disc number of the one you used (228).
Diskettes:
- United States. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: A Selective Bibliography, 1980-96. Diskette. US National Center for Health Statistics, 1996.
»»NOTE: Use the basic formats above and the word "diskette" (226).
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ONLINE RESOURCES - GENERAL GUIDELINES
- Since electronic texts are not fixed and stable like paper ones, citations must provide more information. However, many sources do not supply all of the desired information. Cite whatever information is available (208).
- Title: If the part you are using has a name ("chapter", "section", etc.), use quotation marks around its name (214). If the part is a standard section such as the introduction or preface, do not put in quotation marks or underline (220). Underline the title of the work.
- Dates: Use both the date given on the document and the date it was accessed (6 Nov. 2004 is used in the examples below) (211).
- URL: Include the URL. Enclose it in angle brackets, i.e., < URL > and follow it with a period (211).
- If a URL is too long to fit on one line, divide it after a slash, (do not add a hyphen to indicate it continues on the next line) (211).
- If the URL is so long and complicated that including it could lead to transcription errors, give the URL of the site's search page instead (212). (See Lexis/Nexis Congressional example below)
If the source you are citing resulted from a search and does not have a permanent URL:
- If the site doesn't assign an individual URL to each document, give the URL for the site's home page (212). Then indicate the location of the document by following the URL with "Keyword" or "Path", a colon, and the keywords or sequence of links you used to get to the information (212-13). (See Library of Congress example, below.
If there is no search page, give the URL for the site's home page and the path/links you used to find the information (212).
- For other types of electronic resources see MLA Handbook, section 5.9.
Online Federal Government Documents
To cite an entire online federal document:
- »»NOTE: Either format is correct if there is a personal author (176).
United States. Dept. of Justice. National Institute of Justice. Classification of High-Risk and Special Management Prisoners: A National Assessment of Current Practices. By James Austin and Kenneth McGinnis. June, 2004. 6 Nov. 2004 <http://www.nicic.org/pubs/2004/019468.pdf>.
Sidle, John G., and Craig A. Faanes. Platte River Ecosystem Resources and Management with Emphasis on the Big Bend Reach, Nebraska. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Grand Island NE. Vers. 16 July 1997. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. 6 Nov. 2004. <http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/habitat/plrivmgt/plrivmgt.htm>.
To cite part of an online federal document:
Direct link to part cited
United States. Dept. of Energy. Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. "Pt. 1, Ethics of Human Subjects Research: A Historical Perspective, Chapter 1, Government Standards for Human Experiments, the 1940s and 1950s." Final Report of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. Oct. 1995. 6 Nov. 2004. <http://tis.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap1.html>.
Jabri, Ahmed. "A Refugee Is a Refugee: 50 Years of Excluding Palestinians from International Protection." World Refugee Survey, 2003. U. S. Committee for Refugees. 2004. 6 Nov. 2004. <http://www.refugees.org/data/wrs/03/articles/FHARefugeeIsARefugee.pdf>.
- »»NOTE: If possible, give URL for specific part you used.
Path to part cited
United States. Library of Congress. Federal Research Division. "Chapter 2: Population Projections." India: A Country Study. Ed. James Heitzman and Robert L. Worden. Sept. 1995. 4 Nov. 2004. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/intoc.html>. Path: Chapter 2; Population Projections.
»»NOTE: URL above is to main page for the book. Links to its chapters are generated by a search and are temporary. They won't work as direct links. In this situation, give the "path" and/or keyword you used to get to what you are citing.
Online Nebraska State Government Documents
To cite an entire online Nebraska document:
- Nebraska. Dept. of Economic Development. Nebraska's Economic Performance, 2003. August, 2004. 6 Nov. 2004. <http://info.neded.org/econperf/perf03.htm>.
To cite part of an online Nebraska document:
- Nebraska. Unicameral. Clerk of the Legislature. "Economy: Agriculture." Nebraska Blue Book Online, 2002-2003 Edition. 46th ed. 2003. 6 Nov. 2004. <http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/bluebook/intro/economy.pdf>.
Document from an International Organization, (United Nations, etc.)
- United Nations. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Statistics Division. "School Life Expectancy (Expected Number of Years of Formal Schooling), Latest Available Year." Social Indicators. July, 2004. 6 Nov. 2004. <http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/socind2.htm#edu>.
World Bank. World Development Report 2003: Sustainable Development in a Dynamic World. 2002. 6 Nov. 2004. <http://econ.worldbank.org/wdr/wdr2003/>.
Government Document from Lexis/Nexis Congressional
or
other online Library subscription service
- MLA recommends that the URL be provided for the specific document used. However, some online resources found in a database search have URL's in excess of 200 characters. In such cases, give the URL of the site's search page and keyword(s) used (229).
- You may instead give the path, as in the Library of Congress example above.
United States. Cong. House. Committee on Rules. Providing for the Consideration of H.R. 1501, Consequences for Juvenile Offenders Act of 1999, and H.R. 2122, Mandatory Gun Show Background Check Act of 1999. 29 June 1999. 106th Cong. 1st sess. H. Rept. 106-186. Lexis/Nexis Congressional. Lexis/Nexis. U of NE at Kearney Lib., 6 Nov. 2004. Keyword: Immigration. <http://0-web.lexis-nexis.com.rosi.unk.edu/congcomp>. - »»NOTE: Include the name of the library from which the subscription service was accessed.
To Cite an Online Map (232)
"Nebraska." Map. State and County Outline Maps. US Census Bureau. 6 Nov. 2004. <http://www.census.gov/geo/www/maps/stco_02.htm>.
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Written by:
Diana J. Keith
Associate Professor
Head, Government Documents Department
Calvin T. Ryan Library
University of Nebraska at Kearney
Revised December, 2004
Reviewed October, 2009